Descriptions:
Video Description
This lesson opens as a vocabulary workout and lands on a word every Bible reader knows, but not the way it was meant. Hamartia (ἁμαρτία) is translated sin, yet the Greek picture is of an archer missing the bullseye, a falling short rather than the breaking of a rule. The same hour walks through dynamis (δύναμις), power and capacity, epistēmē (ἐπιστήμη), knowledge as skill, and megas (μέγας), the adjective for big or great, the grammar always kept attached to the root of each word.
The exercises then test indirect statement. Ammon Hillman has Madalena explain the sentence as if he were the student, and the key moment is when the main verb takes an accusative subject plus a participle instead of an infinitive, so we hear that you are betraying the city becomes the pattern to spot. Lanthanō (λανθάνω), to escape notice, and lambanō (λαμβάνω), to take, are pulled apart so the future participle is not confused for the aorist. The point he keeps returning to is that translation is analysis: find the structure, name the construction, then work the words.
Unit 17 introduces comparison. Adjectives add -teros (more) and -tatos or -istos (most), and the person or thing compared can stand either with the conjunction ē (ἤ), than, or in the genitive case. He adds the dative and accusative of degree of difference, polō (πολλῷ) or polu (πολύ), by much, and the pattern hōs plus the superlative, which gives as wisely as possible. The session then turns toward Unit 18 and the indefinite relative hostis (ὅστις), whoever, before closing with the reminder that the basic Attic operating system is now built, and the way forward is reading real Greek, not more drills.
Full Video Transcript
Fascinating stuff, right? With Colchis. Good. Nice. I love to hear the working, you know, doing the research, putting in the work.
Nice job. Good job, Cruz.
Here. Whoops. I forgot my outer shirt.
All right. Fantastic. I get my outer shirt on.
All right. Here we go, people. Although there’s Greek on my T-shirt, so I thought that was cool.
anywho um let’s uh madelena how you doing um i’m i’m here you’re here how does it feel to be
reaching the final stages of the intensive course um it’s still pretty intense uh
but it’s it’s exciting yeah i got your schedule and i’m not gonna show it to people but i’m gonna
comment about how much just adding up how much time you’re spending on the text
and uh memorization and everything like that plus all of your work outside i’m going to tell her
tell everybody you know she’s doing this on top of all of her familial duties which is another
job that you’re having at the same time you know yeah today it was really rough really really hard
to uh make that time today so um but you know i still did yeah you still did make time now what’s
funny is i was walking this morning in the grocery store getting groceries and one of the guys was
complaining about his two-year-old you know i mean and i was laughing because everybody knows
when you have a two-year-old you never sleep and it’s just one you know you’re just trying to keep
them from killing themselves basically you know and they’re crazy and i thought you know four of
them that’s another you know that’s a lot of work people don’t appreciate how much blood and sweat
and tears goes into goes into um raising four children so yeah and i’m babysitting too so now
and your parents three at three like two-year-olds pretty much and that’s all that’s a six-year-old
so yeah wow that’s insane over here i don’t know how i don’t know how they what you do though is
you give everybody no you know nobody has an excuse now right i don’t want to hear oh well
you know i’m busy no it’s it’s been it’s been done um so wow okay um what i want to do is i
want to do a little bit of vocabulary work to start with okay um i need to share this again
all right boom boom boom there we go fantastic just let’s just work through some words together
to kind of warm up let’s just you know go for it i’ll let you do it can you move this yeah there
There we go.
Yeah, nice, nice.
That’s a beautiful verb
that we looked at the opposite, right?
So this is missed, right?
Yeah. Sin. Yeah. Here’s your sin. Here’s your sin. And look, underneath it, I hate that they
tuck the next word away, but they indent it so much. But look at it. Hamartia then. Hamartia
is an error. It’s something falling short, a missing the mark. So their error is not
like the transgression of commandments. It’s not, you know, like that. Their error is not
having shot a bullseye you didn’t shoot a bullseye right hamartia so think about that next time
you’re reading the bible right and i i swear to you the more that you read the greek the more that
you’re gonna see you know the that fool was telling me the truth here you know what i mean
you’re gonna see this word anyway keep going what is barus barus baria baru heavy heavy and notice
it’s got different endings on it. Us, ea, u endings. It’s an adjective and it’s of a new kind
that we’re going to look at. So, okay, cool.
To seem or think. Yeah. To seem or think. It appears to me, right? It appears to me that
something is happening here’s another thanking have you noticed how many thinkers we’ve got
yeah like three yeah so far and that’s just you know that’s just our like main vocabulary
um why is it not working oh it’s it my internet is screwed i thought it was you know what we’ve
been having problems since last night i think their fiber optics is messing up somehow so let
me know if it does anything goofy uh it could be the tlg site too could be the tlg site too
boom okay forget about it dokeo think of it this way it seems it’s like it’s bombarding you with
the impression that’s why you’re thinking okay anyway do not my do not my do not my
strength their power yeah yeah dynamite
it’s just from that dune from that dune root you’re gonna get these all these verbs that
have all these ideas that are I have the capacity I’ve got the capacity to do something duo is two
not like a Brit I don’t want you to finish with a British accent on this
deuteros deuteros okay yeah the brits will say deuteros dude oh yeah oh yeah i wonder why uh
deuter i say it again because they got no respect for the dike yama deuterra
Deutera, deutera, deutera, deuteron, okay.
Make the epsilon when you’re looking at it.
Like, look at the third principle, I mean, the third word, deuteron, it’s neuter.
Imagine that the epsilon is a W, and you’re saying deuteron.
Deuteron, okay.
Yeah, good.
then there’s amy to go or come and you said wait a minute i thought amy was to be it is the axes
are different yes you got it okay keep going yeah ace mia uh is it haste or haste yeah and
it’s got a rough reading on the hen the hen’s got a rough breathing my eyes are bad
It’s funny, isn’t it? It’s ridiculous.
To drive for March.
Yeah, pretty straightforward.
your lana good is my epistase of my a peace dave saying to know yeah a piece
yeah let me try one more time to bring that up because i want you to see yeah episteme
episteme i’m gonna try to get it live like this and see if oh crappage episteme because what is
knowledge again all this knowing and stuff right people say you know and inuit or whatever there’s
like seven words for snow or whatever right yeah well you got to learn what all those different
seven types are that people are obviously putting a putting an emphasis here’s another knowledge
word episteme acquaintance with a matter well that isn’t an understanding can look it can be a skill
right what’s your profession your professional skill right okay generally knowledge but then
notice that they took scientific knowledge so what is your episteme it’s your familiarity
with some kind of skill and that’s knowledge right okay and notice that they put a piece
right next to it right always you’re always looking at what that verb is doing to know how
to do look number one it’s number one definition to know how to do right hence to be capable of
doing and look c infinitive that’s a cum cum plus infinitive cum in latin is with so it takes an
infinitive all right yes i un i understand or know what to do something can take an accusative i know
an object that’s right right okay notice number three it says rarely whenever you see them the
victorians using rarely know that that’s that’s what what they’re telling you is this is misleading
right so you think it can be applied to a person why is it so rare that it’s not applied to a
person all right gignosco am i knowing my wife not in this way all right this is about my skill
level the place that i have you know come to to learn something okay now um that’s a piece
stomach how about echo yes echo it’s so this a stick hey so okay so good um it’s
it’s fun it’s it’s hey it’s hey car is hey my to have hold be able cling to be
next to and notice notice how many things it can be if you keep if you hold if you hold to these
two to have or hold right to possess sometime it’s gonna be it’s gonna equal to be able to do
something but you’ll tell from the context it doesn’t feel right the overwhelming majority of
the time it is to have or hold and this thing is used in so many compounds oh my god yeah anyway
okay what is something that’s hey deuce hey there they do pleasant glass there’s a lot of
forms what do we get in english from that um what is sweet is hedonism sweet
thank you molly stop meaning most yeah notice it’s an adverb right
she uses an adverb good yeah megas megale mega uh big great large
may days made in no one nothing good and skip down to the oudes notice
straight correct yeah straight or correct or you know it’s the orthodoxy yeah also
how much many how large
So much, many, so large.
Joros, what a joron.
No, hossos.
Oh, sorry.
Hossos, my bad.
Jose, hosson.
Got ahead of myself.
As much, or many as, or how much, how large.
Poteros, potera, poteron.
Which of two, or poteron, the adverb introduces alternative question.
you got it the first time
quick swift what is it when you have a swift heartbeat um i don’t know tachycardia t-a-c-h-y
so they’re getting that from tahus being swift yeah neat nice
So in both of those examples, for four and three, changing to fourth and third,
notice they go from a two termination to a three termination right so okay so that tetanus those
four of whatever you have that can be masculine and feminine same thing with the three right three
of something it can be trace you if masculine and feminine you don’t need a different form but when
you switch to the third the proportion then you switch to a first and second declension ending
three two three three three done it’s kind of kind of different but okay there
you go and who pair the prefix over gravy on
behalf now you did some exercises from unit 16 correct yeah I did I did 13
through 18 okay let’s see so we’re starting on page 480 okay now i am gonna sit back and i am
gonna um i want you to treat me like i’m a total i totally have no idea what the hell’s going on
so just explain everything to me like you’re you’re the ta now and i’m the student go ahead
okay all righty well 13 is my weakest one i think because it was my first one so
uh so oh yeah pep rockin autos there’s a question uh poya which or what um
pep rockin autos what has he done yeah good good beautifully translated
beautifully translated and there’s a question there gorgeous i get it thank you
for whatever one might do
might do
such a man
will be
indeed at least or sorry indeed his soul uh so i was confused yes yes something i kind of get it
but i don’t yeah he’ll be this way at least with respect to the soul good fantastic oh gorgeous
you did those gorgeous i’m not going to stop you but i am going to ask you about a construction
in 14 so give me 14. okay so but before we get there though just notice the connection hoya
with toy utos right yeah however whatever sort of things he does this is the sword he’s going
to be with respect to his spirit right okay good love it number 14. all righty a cool man
okay okay let me just say before you do this this is so okay I don’t okay it’s an exercise I just
you to point i want to point out remember this is like a gym routine okay so it’s got a load
it’s loaded with a load of twists and turns so just take your time all righty so a cool man say
um we hear you um and then um i skipped over to bloody lanta so that’s that’s um giving up right
you’re giving uh so so i and then i went back to bullying
so giving up the city of ours um
and many gifts are for the Spartans immediately they will take good okay hang on a second I think
I forgot to finish the do the Ugar do the Ugar do the Ugar I think I forgot I forgot to do the
of it but um uh that’s stupid you know oh um so stretchy to put your mind into the place of the
greek is stretchy it takes a lot of stretching well doing bad as force for a heinous doing bad
good well i got those but i have to look over the bird because i forgot to do that
half of the sentence i guess you forgot in your mind you put yourself in a state of lethe
you put yourself in lethe my bad forgetfulness now look up lanzano and see what it means
don’t forget it don’t forget it don’t escape my notice are you doing it in the back by the way
oh yeah that’s so funny yeah nice yeah i was doing in the back right in that by the way that’s so
funny yeah i was yeah did i forget forget
just look at that that’s great right i did escape the notice right somehow remember because the
one of the principal parts switches to lathe right and you get the leafy so yeah i knew it
but it’s like him yeah now you won’t forget that it it’s connected to forget it means
to escape the notice of notice they tell you it takes an accusative right and look at that look
look at that uh that um third principle part the heiress elathon that’s where we get the lethe
yeah the heiress love it okay go ahead um for they for they don’t forget the they won’t forget
they for they may not forget the bad doing yeah you are not escaping our notice doing bad things
yeah yeah you do not escape hey moss us escape yeah right doing bad things it’s right up there
they’re not going to forget this you’re not escaping their notice okay let’s go back and
do the first sentence now i’m going to ask you because i’m an idiot what kind of construction
do we have here why do we have some look you you made an object you used an accusative several as
objects here a cool man a cool man we hear we hear you can take an indirect statement we hear
that and in that case your accusative subject will be hidden somewhere in all those fucking
accusative say poland
the participle is an accusative yeah so we hear that makes say your accusative subject
we hear that say you remember what say is you you good we hear that you now what they’ve done
is they’ve substituted a participle instead of an infinitive so what how how do we know go back to
the page where we learn this go back to 16 let’s see you need to find it before i do in order for
for me to be happy why are we switching we’re switching to a participle before you know instead
of just going back to show you just just look at it and say look instead of a we’ve got a we’ve got
a participle here we hear that you what but you don’t huh yeah um oh I was uh give give give up
probably betray maybe or betray yeah betray the city right or right right hang on one second i
really do want i want you to see this okay you keep you work on it you keep translating no but
i don’t want you to find it i want to go back to the oh the supplementary no um sorry i might be
on the wrong oh that’s the wrong unit indirect statement i think it was the next year i think
think it was 15 15 yeah yeah oh god i think it was 15 oh god no it wasn’t because it’s at the
end of the chapter this possession with reflection oh god reflexives oh is that at the end of this
go to the index in the back of the book if you’re old like me and you have forgotten which i
shouldn’t have forgotten what unit this is in but look up indirect statement in the index this is
like page 830 ish 830 ish oh here i found it it’s 465 thank you oh god if we just let you run
65 you know what i mean seriously how does this man make it okay um finite for
uh indirect statement right now look at the participle right participle plus subject
accusative right how fantastic okay look at example number three because i want you to see it
on page 468 okay many verbs introduce a third type of indirect statement in which an indicative of
the original statement is replaced by a participle the same statement in the subject the first finite
verb blah blah blah appears in the accusative case there is no introductory conjunction okay
um look at the first example angele so there’s your aqua woman right angele fantastic fantastic
okay isn’t that nice and they give you a little example so it’s you here instead or here i don’t
know okay i’m now we hear that you hear oh like like okay i get it now it’s like okay we hear that
uh you’re betraying good this city of ours uh-huh good the city of ours now what is that little
outone doing there god damn it it’s a genitive plural i’m i don’t know what that’s connected
oh wait the at the spartans right our town right the polentane himeteron is going together right
so he met on our tone this is our very town that you’re giving over kai we hear what we hear leip
psalm and on that you’re what no that you’re um you’re oh that they’re taking many gifts
yeah now what about the what about the lepso manon lambano right look up in the back the
principal parts of lambano what are the principal parts read them too because we this can’t be a
present right it’s lambano so is it an heiress and if it is how does the heiress change it
if you look at page 469 right and you look at the second example they switch from a present doing
to an heiress did this is take this from you know 11 i think yeah yeah lambano’s take you got it
you got it oh tell me what the third principle part of lambano is lambano
you’re gonna get a very it’s okay let’s translate it as the past right oh i i did it as a future
yeah okay um oh oh what okay now we really need to go now race to the back go to lombano
go to lombano beautiful job you just me you just totally fucked me
look look what you did god damn it oh god okay you’re gonna embarrass me in front of every voice
in your head go to lombano this is okay 783. okay 783. i was there i was there okay okay
look at the heiress el abon yeah um that’s not this form of heiress right i was making up an
heiress right what what you did is you said what tense is it look at this look at the second
principle part leipziger so you’re exactly right you got it go back to the go back to the page
where it is oh my god 486 it was with the partisan no yeah it was for something ready
go back to the part of symbols everybody do this with me i want you to see it
I’ll put it on my
485
465
465
65
It was an indirect statement
461
Okay, here we go
So look
Just to learn for the
heiress there, right?
Look what you do when you kick it into the
heiress to do this
You’re going to kick it into a past tense
right but now look at the future right what happens wait where’s the page that was the
that’s not what the oh fuck me where’s the page with the indirect statement oh it’s 65 65
boom boom there okay so now sorry i was using my book and now i’m gonna switch to this goddamn
damn thing. Okay, so I want page, right, participle plus subject accusative, page 69. Okay, here we go.
Here are the right set of examples. Look at the first example. That’s your present, which we have
in the first part, the doing. If you convert it to an aorist participle, poiesanta, you’re going to
get its tense switched into the past, right? And if you do it, look at the next example. He announces
that Socrates will not do or make this thing, right? Okay, so which one are you doing? Which
one are you using? You’re using the first type, the angele poiesontat, not what’s below it,
angele, right? So you’re not in secondary tense, you’re in primary. And because of that,
your participle, when it’s in the aorist, I mean, when it’s in the future, will switch to that
plain straight up future will good so having said that now let’s try it let’s i’m not going to say
anything more you do the translation uh all right um this was page what 480 i hate this i hate this
online text okay and we were at numbers like 14 yeah okay there you go okay now so look at a cool
men it’s in the present right your part your first participle’s present your second switches
to the future you’re exactly right now you translate it um so the we hear that you’re
that we hear that they will they will take right no we hear that you’re giving over giving
yeah giving over um this city of ours and then and we hear that you lay psalm oh okay i see
because it’s yeah it’s still the same sentence all right um and we hear that
there they will take no that you will take that you will take okay um
yeah many gifts uh to uh for the spartans immediately yeah from the spartans
yeah and and then that second sentence makes sense
right you are not escaping him us you are not escaping our notice
boy on kaka while you’re doing bad things yeah yeah gorgeous so look everybody noticed you
caught that future participle instead of the heiress that i just normally lambano leaps
leaps on my elbow no what oh god fantastic you you you one-ups me go to 15 before you get too
big of a head. And to the and tell me how you did on 15. First
of all, did you get 15? Did you? Do you? Do you understand?
Yeah, I did. Yeah, I think so. Good. Good. 15 to 18. I think
Yeah.
One second, while you’re, hang on,
before you transit, hang on.
Okay.
Okay, go ahead.
So it’s, we went down into the sea
then he don’t he don’t man or edelman’s um so hos in order that he don’t man that we may see
the barbarian the non-greek ships right no the ships it’s almost the ships of the
barbara okay the ships of the yeah i just yeah the part of them yeah you got it right ships of the
barbarians and you translated the edelman correctly notice that it’s from hora oh right
hora oh meaning to see good and people are gonna that’s gonna throw people that usually throws
people it didn’t it didn’t throw you right you got the heiress from katapino right notice that
and on the front there notice that your augment uh-huh notice that your augment is replacing your
alpha and it’s being it’s being stuck between your prefix which is kata and the verb which is here
probably know oh god right good yeah how about number 16.
mm-hmm a pen hold on going on kick loop sauce Oh TD cane mmm who put those away
so being out on the one or he or the one who they kick club sauce has stolen
payback decaying Justice so they’ll never repay Justice that one’s a little weird for me but yeah
no it’s okay you’re almost there you’re almost there i’m i’m very glad that you got the
so the whole keklofos
right you caught that you’ve got that perfect participle there right keklofos the one having
stone where did you what’s the first if i had to look up keklofos and i was sitting here i was
like what verb is that from what’s the first principle part of that verb uh well kiklo um
the first uh uh i can’t i can’t remember it the same um you translated properly to steel
so it’s just the first principal part of steel oh the the the beginning is repeated
it was always yes it is good yeah so it’s close oh that would be a good guess that would be
i know it’s not a clip
i have to reassert right once you kick once you make a good move in a sentence and
kick and you hit get a strike on me which you just did i’m gonna have to try to you’re gonna
can’t get me i’m gonna have to try to get you back somehow right now what is the what is the
for the voices listening because you translated it properly you got it that it was the klepto
verb right so i want people to see though right that this is klepto klepso eclipsa keklofa
is that perfect right caclomide clop fame good or is it eclopane i always forget if they drop
the theta on that heiress anyway apen good you’ve got your verb of speaking yeah right
the only problem is it’s in the past i want you to see this go to that same page what was it 480
460 something no 4 4 60. yeah the same page we were yes yes go to page 465 465. okay the indirect
statement mm-hmm uh it’s four oh yeah 466 if you want 466 okay right so oh yes there it is he said
okay i see uh-huh so and what happens jump oh he said that he’ll never look at the example
on page 466 that’s at the bottom apen haughty socrates right apen haughty socrates what
there’s your future optative so how are you going to translate it here
you’re going to translate it with the wood the wood whenever whenever you kick it back into that
secondary right okay he would never there you go he would never pay back yeah give justice right
pay the penalty maybe translate that okay yeah that makes more sense yeah the guy who had
the dude who had stolen the wine said look dudes i’m never gonna
penalty right okay anyway number 17 you did 17 to oh andres
uh-oh i see an et on and as a student i know that means it’s some kind of conditional so
tell me what kind of conditional this is um so i thought that it was um
a on plus a subjunctive but i that was um a on plus a subjunctive well let’s see if it is what
is axiocita uh i thought it was a a um a second axiocita yeah a second plural right
a c what’s that third principle part of oxyo
so it’s lacking the augment so it changes it because with the subjunctive we don’t need the
augment right so that’s why it’s an alpha on the front of it but i want you to see that that’s the
third principle part so go again to oxyo go again to oxyo this is on page so you can see what i’m
talking about go to page seven seven six and look at the principal parts of oxyo it’s right in the
it’s right in the middle of the page oxyo oxyoso axiosa so we do indeed have that heiress right
so oh yeah just an heiress subjunctive so we have on plus a subjunctive followed by what
not an optative with no I’m looking at the wrong sentence no that’s never sorry I was looking at
the wrong sentence yeah yeah that’s okay um no me you see no future see that’s a that’s a future
okay hang on you see hang on maybe go to your lsj and I want here I did look at it no meat so
no me oh see now you said it’s a future right a third plural future nice okay look what it can
also be though can also be a participle yeah oh okay future active participle for this for that
dative all right got data in there oh god okay so let’s uh try it both ways and see what happens
are you ready okay um
Good.
Good.
now which conditional is this try it with your future if it’s an aeon plus a subjunctive
followed by a future which one is it uh it would be a future more of it right good okay that’s a
does will do right so okay try it as it does we’ll do first if you can’t make it work out i want you
to save and reserve that this could be a participle i just want you to do yeah i’m like you i’m like
you i always gravitate towards the um indicative i want to go to the indicative right away but be
careful okay anyway go ahead okay oh zenian men um if if you should if you oh if you do if you do
uh judge as worthy right is that yes okay um uh socrates as were as worthy um of death good um
then um indeed uh the prudent yep well they good no keep going they will think
wait they will never think good good um that now look you said that
you put it in indirect discourse perfectly i want you to notice you will never think that
now we’re looking for an accusative subject maybe an infinitive or some kind of right yeah um that
you like who must you good you to do a just thing yeah good that you do a just thing yeah you could
change the just thing to justice too if you want to be if you want to be kind of like don’t like
strut your your stuff right but a just thing is the most literal so good you know good for you
Yeah, if you deem Socrates worthy of death, Athenian men, they will not believe that you are able, right, that you’re ever, right, doing the just deed.
you’re not capable right oh god um uh future more vivid does will do plus an embedded indirect
statement right they will not they will not believe that you do the job do the the just thing
good it’s funny because i earlier i did i i did not do the right conditional earlier so i wrote
down the wrong ones i’m glad that we discussed that before yes that’s exactly yeah no that’s
that’s what the exercises are all about because you see how quickly it corrects itself once you
get the right conditional yeah yeah okay we’ve been going at this for an hour okay i want you
to stop now take a 10 minute break and when we come back i want to read through two units okay
now we’re gonna have a test in between those two units there’s another test in the final test
but i’m gonna administer it to you differently i want us to go over 16 and 17 no 16 and 17 no
wait was it 17 and eight no we’re in 17 right so i want you to do we’re going to look through
the material for 17 and 18 when we get back so when we get back i want 30 to 45 minutes of just
looking at the grammar what’s the grammar that they’re screaming screaming about us now
let’s look at it and do some examples of it and play with that so that’s what i want you to be
focused on for when we get back and by the way go tell everyone that you picked out the correct
tense for the participle over me do you understand i want you to never no no because i want you to
never forget that you did it by just following procedure all you did was you were analyzing it
you were breaking it down and finding out which tense is this right it’ll never it’ll never um
it’ll never fail you i want you to what i’m trying to say is i want you to recognize
not that you did something better than i did but that you did something right because you followed
a strict analysis right and that’s that’s the theme of the intensive course that’s what those
those Bible students can’t do, right?
They can’t stop and say,
okay, I’m going to totally break this down.
It’s an indirect statement here
within a conditional,
the hypothesis of a conditional sentence, right?
So look what I did.
I was lazy,
and I just flipped to the heiress right away, right?
No, no, no, Amun.
You get a spanking.
So I’ve got to tell the people that you spanked me.
Now, this is once.
Don’t ever think that it’s going to fucking happen again.
Okay?
All right.
Because now I know.
Now I know.
Don’t be lazy.
Right?
That’s actually the second time.
That’s her second time she bested you.
This is the second.
God damn it, Cruz.
What are you, keeping a history of this?
He’s always got my back.
A history of almond shame.
No, I’m really proud.
I’m really proud that you’re doing this.
Right?
do you see do you see your brain is accepting the programming i love it okay beautiful let’s
take 10 minutes so it’s uh oh let’s just come back in half hour at half past i’ll see you in
half past see you that’s crazy all right let’s talk about beating records let’s get to the
beating here unit 17. oh i just want you to follow along i’m going to share it
um okay we’re going to start the first thing we’re going to learn is as an adjective megas
megale mega meaning big or great right and they just give you the forms what are the forms of it
look at the masculine megas becomes megaloo becomes megaloi which those look more like
first since those look more like second inclinations right and then megan what’s
happening it looks like they’re they’re um switching between types of conjugate of declensions
yes as a matter of fact they are is it mixed and you need to yes you need to see how these
um declensional problems will iron themselves out because you’re gonna see this may gone for example
you know that’s an accusative right it looks like an accusative but it doesn’t look like it’s a
standard it’s not going to be a problem look at the plurals oi on ois us i on ice us ah on ois ah
those are regular the feminines look at those they look all feminine i’ve got no problem
so they’re really that’s why they only put a few forms in bold right we’ve got to
we’ve got to recognize that this is what what do you do what did they tell us to do
memorize this chart that’s all and this is the type of megas megali mega all right fantastic
now we’re going to do another odd adjective notice that i mentioned this adjective before hey do
something that’s sweet right or pleasant yeah right um and i said it’s of this kind of adjective
notice they don’t even give you the name of a type this is just the hey deuce hey dea hey do type
Right? That’s how you’re going to memorize it.
What are the forms? Look at the masculine.
Hey, deus. Hey, deos. Hey, de. Hey, dun.
Are you going to be able to figure out the pattern there?
Well, it kind of looks like a third declension in the genitive, doesn’t it?
Yes, a little bit.
Right? Look at polis. It looks a lot like polis in some ways, right?
So it’s not totally odd, but you just need to recognize this is there.
because you’re going to be looking up forms you’re going to see hey do and you’re going to be like
wait a minute which which gender is that oh wait a minute it’s just a neuter nominative right hey do
hey do hey deos hey de hey do look at look at the feminine they’ve they’ve got the alpha dominant
ending that’s fine they look like first declension right so noun so that’s no problem look in the
plural though hey deuce becomes hey dace in the plural that may throw you a little bit
looks a little bit we’re kind of in the third declension right oh god we’ve got huh i don’t
know sort of look at the um note what is it uh look at note number one note the oops salon in
the masculine and neuter nominative accusative and vocative singular it’s they’re basically
pointing out to you where you’re going to have oddities, right? That’s all. Elsewhere in the
masculine and neuter, the stem heide is used. The dative singular is the result of the contraction
of heide, right? Okay. Okay. Fine. Fine. Otherwise, masculine and neuter, normal changes.
Now, here’s a new concept. So, we got two adjectives to look at there. Now, give me some
grammar what do i want to do when i want to compare things and i’m using those adjectives
right every adjective in your language should be able they’re not all able to but should be able
to be to have one of three degrees the positive degree the comparative and the superlative
clear clearer clearest or they give you the example beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
yeah okay cool so that’s no problem right conceptually that’s no problem how do you
do it in greek look at these endings all those endings here yeah teros tera tera now these are
going to be regular right these are going to follow first and second declension rules no
problem same as these right but then we do have some irregular ones yeah number two right number
two and the comparative is going to be two termination instead of three. So it’s masculine
and feminine are both going to look like ion, right? Whereas it’s superlative is a three
termination. Istos, iste, isto. And it looks totally normal. Okay. Look for the adverb,
the comparative adverb. Just look at the, it’s never going to change its form. Malon means more
and mali stop means most just that’s vocabulary that’s not conceptual grammar here it’s just
vocabulary malon more mali stop most okay so of this type the teros tera teron right for the
comparative tatos tate taton for the superlative um here are some examples okay so you get the
positive degree, dikaios, just. The comparative degree, dikaioteros, more just or rather just.
I want you to realize that this comparative, you can either talk about it being more of something
or you can talk about it being, when we say in English rather or somewhat, it’s somewhat just,
right? Where are we talking about? Somewhat, that means a little bit. Rather means a little bit
more a little more just right so realize you can translate it either way superlative is that most
it’s the highest decree is the highest decree the most just okay now go down to day lost the next
one clear more clear or clearer clearest most obvious most obvious yeah all right okay
axios worthy axioteros more worthy and axiotetos most worthy wise wiser wisest no problem see
and yeah they um they put here at the bottom rather wise just to give you an idea look it’s
there okay um they’re gonna tell you here but you read it you can have some changes in vowels like
mesos in the middle area, becomes mesaiteros, becomes mesaitatos. So palaios, ancient. Palaiteros,
rather ancient, more ancient, right? Palaitatos, most ancient. Look what happens to philos,
beloved, philaiteros. See how we’re going to have to, they’re going to mess with the vowels.
that’s just the way it is yeah rather beloved or rather lovely let’s say okay the light tattoos the
most lovely but look there is a form field tattoos yeah yeah so why not just have that for its
superlative well it appears sometimes as field tattoos or as filai tattoos and to be honest i
I think it appears much more.
I’ve seen it way more as fieltatos.
So whatever, whatever.
Third declension adjective is an aces, right?
And first declension adjectives, us-e-u,
add the suffixes directly to the stem.
Just look what they, what are they talking about?
I mean, you take the adjective amathes, uneducated, unlearned.
Its comparative becomes amathesteros, right?
Amathesteros.
So that’s a little bit different.
And amathestatos.
How about safes?
Safes, wise, becomes safesteros, wiser.
And safestatos, most wise, wisest.
Good.
And barustip becomes baruteros.
Now look, what’s happening?
It’s almost like we’re adding stem to it, right?
Because that sigma,
stigma why is the sigma jumping in there it’s coming between the epsilon and the tau couldn’t
we have just said ametheteros well apparently there is something in the aces ending that
retains that wants to retain that sigma so okay fine just realize is this gonna bother you when
you translate no you’re just gonna see amethesteros and you’re gonna say oh teros
that ending teros it’s a comparative so more yeah good um some of the third declension adjectives
look afron being an idiot being rather an idiot afronesteros that person is rather stupid
afronesteros right that person is the stupidest afronestatos okay so we’re getting extra
constant we’re getting an extra constant there i don’t care el daimon becomes el daimonesteros
all right and believe it or not you’re gonna the more you’re looking over terms like this
you’re probably not realizing it but you’re learning why those accents do what they do
they want to be on the last three syllables they cannot be otherwise but okay you can get double
accents you get a word with two accents and all kinds of stuff but you can see here afron becomes
afronesteros we’re wanting to keep the sound of our word within three syllables of its ending
i don’t yeah i don’t you know sometimes i sometimes you see accents on words and you try to determine
um the rules for where it should be and just because you’re missing out the sound of it in
your ear because you’re a barbarian you’re not getting why it should be accented in that place
so again yeah exactly whenever you want to figure that out right um realize that there
are rules of logic that apply and everything that you’ve been taught but there’s exceptions too
so yeah okay if we had the music in our ears we’d probably hear it better but
here’s the comparative in eon eon right with a superlative istosiste iston which is totally
regular just look at the examples at the bottom ice cross um how do you say rather shameful
instead of just shameful ice he on well what happens to the row what happens to the road
Just like in Saturnus, the roe can be dropped to Satanus, right?
Why?
If you were to read a grammarian like your Smythe on this,
he’s going to give you a reason why you get de-rotification, right?
Do you need to know that now?
No, just realize that it happens in certain environments.
It’s always because, as Smythe will convince you,
it’s always because of um its environment you just have to see it’s gonna like certain letters
and others it’s not so look at ekthros that that hostile who is that hostile person they’re ekthros
how do you say they’re rather hostile ekthion and how do you say they’re most hostile ekthistos
you like that okay by the way look at the ectheon with its accent over the iota
why it wants to be back over that epsilon but it can’t be because that goddamn omega on the end is
dragging it’s it drags the um note of the song it so i can’t again because we’re not actually
pronouncing it properly we’re doing the barbarian thing we’re missing that out but i do want you to
notice that the road disappears okay yeah okay what seemed to chase it off the shame
we’ve got the shame hey that’s good nice nice well it’s becoming before it’s coming in the
environment of an iota that may have something to do with it it may have something to do with it
okay i just want you to know it now yeah just note it now okay um here’s another type of
comparative hey dion hate dion with the ending so here it is here it is hey dion hey dionos hey
because remember these are adjectives so if you’re going to want to compare the
something that’s rather sweet right this thing is rather sweet but you’re doing
the thing you’re comparing is in the genitive or state of you’re going to have to know which cases
um of this are hey dion hey dionos hey diona you’ve already memorized that paradigm hey dioness
hey dionon hey diosi hey dionas you good with those okay then here’s malon and malista more
and most we’ll look at those when we when we look at examples notice the positive degree of philos
right the lovely most yeah malon philos more beloved molly stuff kilos most beloved see you
don’t have to change anything just add your adverbs malone and molly stuff and you’re good
and we saw that in one of the exercises oh did we fantastic well yeah they had to figure it out
good good now how we’re talking about comparison how does that actually work in a sentence just
look there’s several ways of doing it the first one they give you is using the conjunction a
a just concentrate on the a and look at the example so crates socrates there’s nominative
no problem. Esti, there’s your verb to be, is. Socrates is sophoteros, wiser. He’s more wise
than Aristophanes. Now, why is Aristophanes in the nominative? Just like Socrates,
it’s in the nominative. Why? Because it is the subject of its own clause. Its own clause is
aristophanes is right it’s the subject of the verb socrates is wise wiser than aristophanes
is see how that’s in its own sentence with a verb to be okay so just realize when you’re using the
com when you’re using the conjunctions with the imperative a with the with the comparative um
You’re going to watch what the thing that’s being compared is doing in its own clause.
Here it’s just in the nominative.
We believe that Socrates, there’s your accusative subject, and your infinitive, we believe that Socrates is Sophorteron.
so foteron is in the accusative because socrates is in the accusative we believe that socrates
is wiser than you get your a your conjunction than aristophanes i’m sorry it’s in the accusative
aristophanes right now why is it in the in in the accusative because it has an invisible ani
sitting there we think that socrates is wiser than aristophanes is okay right okay good that’s
what they do they give you the paragraph of that right okay let’s see number two alternatively the
person or thing being compared can stand in the genitive this is the genitive of comparison why
do they call it that because they they’re just making it up right right you can have a genitive
to give you a comparative.
Socrates is wiser, right?
Sophoteros, wiser Aristophanes,
that’s a genitive, than Aristophanes.
It doesn’t look like a genitive, it is a genitive.
Socrates is wiser than Aristophanes.
Nomizomen, we believe, Socrates,
we believe that Socrates,
Aenei is sophoteron, wiser than the genitive Aristophanes, than Aristophanes.
Okay, see how that works?
Dative, I mean, genitive of comparison.
Okay, let’s learn another dative.
We can have something called a dative of the degree of difference.
Just look at the example.
Socrates estin, is, sophoteros, wiser.
And then we just got a dative sitting there.
sitting there poloi okay he’s wiser what in the degree much he is much wiser than
aristophanes he is much wiser than aristophanes is they say by much i like the much wiser better
but whatever if it helps you to think by much with poloi good you can do the same thing with
an accusative. Polu, right? Much, much. Socrates is wiser. What? Then we just got this accusative
thing sitting there. Well, it’s technically an adverb. You mean you can take adjectives and you
can make adverbs out of them with their accusative forms? Yes. Yes. Right? Muchly. Polu just means
muchly socrates is wiser muchly than aristophanes okay all right and finally there’s another
expression that we can use we can use a horse or a haughty in a way that you haven’t seen
right if you look up horse i’ll do it in a second for you but um let’s just get the example down
all right sorry oh god that’s getting old but because of the new plugs with this thing never
gets plugged in anyway let’s go back to the superlative with hoss and just read that
example in the uh under seven socrates aner socrates right a dude aner hoss or hoti so
as wise as possible they tell you in the in the in the block not block in the bold
as wise as possible
you say this way more with
than you do Hoti
as wise as possible
what did he do?
he taught
the young guys
Socrates
a man as wise as possible
that’s all you need to know
right
okay
other constructions
with yeah just look at the example they give socrates socrates hosafotatos macroy right
the wisest macroy by far the wisest by far now we’re going to have a genitive of comparison
the wisest by far of the greeks see how it’s a genitive so it kind of works in english right
What did he do? He taught the young men. Look at the bottom one. Socrates. Socrates
the very much wisest of Athenians. Again, genitive of comparison. He’s within a group.
You can almost say this is a genitive of separation because he is in one category
that is distinct from the rest of the Athenians, right?
So grammarians, you know, all they’re doing when they label something
is try to get you to understand how it’s being used.
Good. Fantastic.
Finally, the verb to be, ami, instead of a-me.
Here are its forms. It means to go, right?
There’s nothing magical about this.
Ami, a, a-c, even i-te, i-a-c.
you’ll notice the plurals are very different from the singulars which look a lot more like
amy the verb to be amy esty yeah good good and oh god you’re not going to remember this
subjunctive you’re going to see eo and you’re going to be like what i was thinking that earlier
when i was writing it down yeah yeah excuse me allergies today okay let’s go i believe that’s
it after they give you the participial forms of it eon going or coming fantastic oh they
gave you some numerals i forgot numerals look they’re just piling on people they’re just piling
on you understand numerals are pretty good right adjectives that’s all one two and three when you
want to use it as an adjective here it’s forms right you’re only going to have singular right
haste mia hen they all mean one as an adjective one person haste aneas all right one dude all
right so haste hinos hinny hinna mia mias miai mion that looks pretty standard they all look
pretty standard hin hinos henny hen haste mia hen look at two duo genitive duoin dative duoin uh-oh
right away you know something’s different doing duo okay do you need to memorize this absolutely
not because you’re going to see duo in the future and you’re going to remember it’s two
yeah and it’s got funny forms right same thing with trace look at trace three on three c today
so that’s pretty good i can take it three out three on three c three you’ll figure that out
when you see it as long as you remember that hey smia hen is one duo is two and trace tria is three
go to about four tetares and tetra tetares tetaron tetras excuse me um what what do
i recommend most with numerals i recommend there’s a good part of the appendix that has everything to
do with numbers and it’s a nice summary if sometime you get a chance to go look at it
you know it may help you kind of put everything into into perspective right
as a matter of fact just go since we don’t since this is the one time we’re
ever gonna do numbers let’s just go to the appendix first one there is the real
a winner okay let’s print some parts okay where are our numerals numerals numerals did you find
them no not yet where are those numerals oh god did i find them by the way just go to 589 while
at it uh okay the numeral is 649. okay so we’ll go to 649 a second thank you voice thank you um
look at 589 first and i want you to recognize that this is after the end of the book we’ll finish
19 and 20 but i want you to realize there is additional grammar oh yeah why didn’t they just
put this right you’d think that the that the intensive course would cover everything it’s
it’s impossible you can tell in these last few chapters that we’re covering it’s just a hodgepodge
of stuff we’re throwing in there right nice but there’s more that you will not have learned in
the course just look at page 589 look they’re just giving us weird nouns right weird nouns
one at the bottom, there’s
boos, right? The word
for cow, right?
Nice. Boos,
right? Page
590, there’s another
noun, right? What is a
trireme? Trieres.
Right? A trireme. Well, it’s
got a really weird-looking declension.
Look, we’ve got pages
of nouns here that have weird
declensions. On page 595,
we get new
verbs that are going to be common
so do you see what’s going on you’ve been you have basically covered all of the grammar
now we’re just filling in with things that you need to know about that are you’re going to
encounter but you know um there’s no like there’s no new types of you know words there’s no like
totally crazy off the wall common expressions or um anyway go let’s go to page 597. 597 you see
your numerals 97 yeah yeah you got your cardinal cardinal and your ordinal right there your one
and two and three verses i see first second and third look at your first second and third look
your ordinals protos first deuteros second tritos third you realize just as i’ve been saying this
and you’re looking at the greek you realize you’re practicing your greek right yeah okay
read me that list of ordinal numbers i want to hear more okay
Deuteros, tritos, tetaros, tetartos, temptros, hextos, heptos, hebdomas, hebdomos, ogtos.
very famously in the bible the ogdos that’s the eighth man the eighth man he’s a prophetic dude
anyway um yeah yeah yeah isn’t that nice
one yeah that’s nice yeah three toes look at that they’re literally three and ten three and ten
right okay you can stop there and go to the next page and look at the bottom of 598 when you start
with with uh one thousand right helio that’s your thousand what is your thousandth your heliostos
right he lee ostos look at your two thousand where is that oh i’m sorry bottom of page 598.
okay yeah i see yeah helio your thousand two thousand tis helio three thousand three helio
then you get to murioy wait a minute that’s ten thousand ten thousand well you’re not seeing
something here um if you read this list you’re gonna think okay 10 000 is their number a high
number then they go to 20 000 right a hundred thousand you just keep adding them up but what
you’re not seeing is when you actually read ancient greek murioi is just a number it’s like
we say a bazillion or gazillion or something a trillion right some kind of number that’s not
reachable but it’s way out there um that’s what’s going on with the murioy so you’re gonna
think this is your 10 000 but it’s not i could have a myriad of angels says jesus
here right now if i wanted to i could have a myriad of them does he actually mean 10 000
you’ll see it translated that but that’s not what he means he means he could have i could have a
trillion angels here if i wanted to right now it’s a number that’s way out there anyway um okay what
was the other page somebody said there’s another page with the numbers what page oh yeah it was uh
i’ve lost it now 600 and something where’s that voice in your head i was mistaken it’s just in a
declension of the first three numerals my apologies and no that’s okay that’s okay but it’s more it’s
you got numerals there okay so um that’s all i’m gonna teach you about numbers besides you need to
see one thing madelaine and that is that each of the alphabet um uh each of the alphabet letters
has a number but uh they are there are additional letters that set off the numbers um so i just want
you to see it and note it real quick let’s see it oh this is a good one okay boom nice here’s a nice
one so alpha beta gamma delta epsilon look at that what they did are you kidding me people you suck
big ones let’s see if i can get a better one no i’m gonna go with the proper i want them to see
the die camera right okay i want let’s see if i can get it in this one uh nope let’s see here we
go that’s not what i want oh yeah look at these look at these look at the old reckoning for the
3807 talents jesus christ you early greeks are crazy right okay where’s the that’s not it
i see i swear i had a really good no i got a really good page for this let’s see maybe it’s
this one that’s not got the numbers damn it anywho um when you get a chance look up you can find good
charts online um i’m not right now but you got to realize the digamma is in there alpha beta gamma
delta epsilon digamma zeta eta theta right so they put the vob you know what they’re doing
Oh, God, that’s a biblical group. I hate when they do that shit. Okay, where’d you go? Boom.
Okay, negative pronouns and adjectives. Udes, Udemia, Udin, and Medes, Medemia, Medin.
Both of them meaning not anyone, not one of these, right? Medes, right? Udes, not one of these,
right? There’s nothing, right? Look at the examples. Actually, go to the bottom of this one.
Look at this example right here. This is a perfect.
How many negatives do we have here? We got one at the beginning, okay? To negativize the verb,
then we got one here, negative. Here’s our adjective describing our polis, right? It’s no
one or none no polis no city so our verb is being negativized our city is being negativized
and then this dative of expressing how it’s going to be done it’s dative manner here what is it
doing it’s it’s got it’s got not only its own negative but it’s got another negative just to
indicate um it’s not ever gonna happen right it’s never gonna be this way never ever three
fours there’s like four in there yeah you’ve got four negatives so you’ve heard of the double
negative and in english we’re always saying oh don’t don’t use a double negative the greeks
use the double negative all the time but here they’re using a quadruple negative
no city will ever not be freed right those are all just negatives just piling on no city will
ever be freed in no way right which we have to translate back into english as in any way
right no city will not be freed ever in in uh in no way yeah so it feels translating every exercise
now they notice now look at the bottom just in case you thought you understood that those
multiple negatives just just add up to a pot add up to one negative in english
but a compound negative followed by a symbol negative produces a positive oh shit you’re
kidding me nobody there’s your subject nobody african fled ook nobody did not flee is what
that says nobody did not flee but we wouldn’t say that in english that’s a double negative we
switched that right so everyone fled no one didn’t flee you’re kidding so it switches yeah
yeah that double negative right turns into a positive not nobody fled becomes everyone fled
damn it sometimes it’s like that now unattainable wish oh god unattainable you just have a wish
that’s unattainable. Can we just go see him? Right? Here’s the regular one with the optative,
right? Palsimon, right? If only we may bring an end to the enemy, and if only we stopped,
may we stop the enemy. Watch what happens when you switch it into the indicative, right? Agar
a powerman would that or if only we were stopping the enemy if only we were stopping the enemy but
we’re not right right it’s something that’s not going to happen it’s an unattainable wish
okay but it’s formulated just like a normal wish okay yeah right right okay you’re just
switching out of the optative is all and you’re making it more concrete by using an indicative
look at that bottom one would that if only hope if only the enemy may any case on right
had not been victorious right oh god and right but you’re just still you’re just still taking
advantage of the tense of any case yeah that’s all that’s all you’re doing oh god in a negative wish
in the past right oh god beautiful all right now let’s go that’s it for 17. i just want to ask you
cognitively that’s a lot but did you understand yeah i think i understood all of it good good so
see it’s not like okay you happen to be advanced but okay let’s just all right fine let’s leave it
at that go now to unit 18 and i’m not going to go one page at a time i want to um bird’s eye view
this is the 15 to 17 exam just jump to unit 18. okay number one we’re going to get the verb he
amy notice there’s a rough breathing on it right here yeah this is yakio in latin if you’ve ever
had yaku to hurl or to throw or to just to send something and it’s going to be joined this little
verb he amy is going to be joined with a whole bunch of prefixes that’s all here is forms he
amy and then something with hey so heika oh god are you kidding it doesn’t even have it really
doesn’t does it stand on its own it does but you’re going to see it in compound form way more
often right i hurl he amy right you do he ace he she it does he ac he him in here to he sc okay
they don’t look a lot different from the amy forms right okay we’ve got the little me in the
beginning look we got a little me verb thing going on here right okay good good good good
It’s not a big deal. Not a big deal. Here’s the participles. Here’s the present and imperfect
for the middle passive. Look at the main soto, metha, sta, nto endings. Okay. Mai, sai, tai,
metha, sta, nto endings. They’re all there. Nothing new for you to learn. Got the aorist.
Oh God, we’re going to be joining it. Watch what happens. Just keep going. They’re going to give
us the vocabulary because you’re gonna have to see he amy in practice that’s all they’re gonna
give us an indefinite relative pronoun an indefinite relative pronoun what is that i
don’t even know what that is just look at the example they give in bold hostess hatess haute
whoever yeah it’s indefinite that’s where the the that’s where the indefinite nature of it
coming whoever we you know who would be an individual we know but whoever or whatever
is something that is indefinite and they tell you it serves also as the indirect interrogative
pronoun right who or what who or what oh god okay so how am i gonna know here are the forms
host is hate is hot right look at this genitive that’s pretty straightforward
right yeah it is a relative right it’s a relative pronoun i want you to notice that with the teeth
so it’s going to have the same ending look it’s just a combination of that
interrogative tis right or that indefinite tis with that relative pronoun hostis
but both of them are changing their forms right both of them
right okay so it’ll take you a while to get used to it to say oh both front and back are changing
its forms right like when you see haunting on in the genitive plural why are you kidding me
it’s completely declined right its whole thing is declined okay um forget the accents let’s just see
how to use it how to use it the following sentences will illustrate okay thank you
hostess whoever boy whoever does bad things will endure bad things whoever does bad things
look there’s nothing difficult about the grant we’re just translating it straight up with those
indicatives poye and pesethai straight up we’re just translating hostess as whoever and notice
that hostess is in the nominative it’s got to be because it’s the subject whoever does
evil things will suffer even yeah yeah yeah now look at some of the another use of it below hostess
on kaka poye whoever now they translate it does evil things i want you to keep in your mind
whoever’s the type of person to do evil things right notice it’s gotten on why it was like a
potential yeah exactly right it’s giving you the idea this is not in the indicative that’s all this
is not indicative it’s not whoever does right it’s the type of person it’s not right now that we’re
we’re looking them but it’s the type of persons right that we’re talking about oh hostess on
kakos whoever would be evil right kaka poye does evil things so you can see you can kick it into
this world this indefinite world direct and indirect interrogatives this chart is helpful
tis, te, who, what? These are all your questions on the left side. Poyos, what kind? They say of
what sort, but yeah, poyos, what kind is it, right? Posos, how much of it do you have? Poteros,
which of these two are you talking about? For all of those, you can have an indefinite. So your tis
goes to hostess who is tis hostess whoever pollos what kind is it hopoyos it’s of some kind right
how many well hopos it can be however many poteros which of the two whole poteros whichever
of the two so okay good good and then we get indefinite adverbs now we’re going to get
adverb another chart again madelaine as you’re reading greek do you have to translate all of
these interrogatives you’re going to forget what the hell was python and what are you going to do
you’re just going to do like this you’re not going to go back to your grammar and say wait a minute
this is one of those interrogatives or something no you’re just going to do this paul finn you’re
going to look it up yeah boom boom you’re going to click on it and you’re going to see
See, interrogative adverb, and you’re going to remember, oh yeah, it’s an interrogative
adverb, and it means from what place, you know, whence they say, I hate that, that’s
old English, whence, and then look at the bottom, number two, right, you can have it
from some place or other, from some place or other, oh God, right, it’s Ionian, now
this is what’s going to kill you you’re going to see this word someday is kothan and you’re
going to try to look it up and you you’re gonna be like what the hell and then you’re going to
be reminded oh wait a minute it’s just paulson it’s just paulson why do the ionians change the
p to a kappa to not confuse it from i don’t know i don’t know is it maybe maybe i don’t know
i don’t know and if you click on kothan by the way it’s going to bring you back because there
really isn’t the word that’s just a dialectical variation so if you don’t know how to look this
thing up oh god it’s going to confuse you if you’re reading an ionian work right but don’t
worry don’t worry okay let me let me go back to the okay here’s your direct interrogatives your
indefinite relatives more then you get indirect question we’ve had indirect statement now we’ve
got an indirect question just look at the examples he asks this is a direct quote this isn’t isn’t
indirect what are you what are they doing that’s direct quote if you want to say he asks and then
put it into indirect statement right here it’s question he asks what they are doing he asks what
they are doing so instead of that here you’re going to say use what as an interrogative just
give me some examples look give me some examples direct and indirect questions right a right a is
your verb to be you are tis is just asking who who are you just a question who are you right
Now here’s an indirect form. He asks who you are. Now it’s a question, right? But it’s not a
question in these indirect questions. We’re not going to put a question mark after it because
it’s reported indirectly. He asks who you are. Do you see how that works? Good. Okay. It’s pretty,
it’s straightforward which one did this right which one of the two right
who did this and by the way that tuto it’s goddess it’s got its omicron elided at the
end of it notice that yeah uh-huh right you’re gonna have to start recognizing that is too tall
right not to tie or something right okay um we asked a little day summon
which one of the two poisean poisean did this look at that we kicked it
it poised kicked it into that aorist and what happened to it right kicked it into the past
we’re following the tense, just like we do with the indirect statement. Is Euripides smart?
Euripides sofos esti? You could translate that, no problem. Why do you turn that into its indirect?
Ero tesita? They’re trying to get fancy on us. You will ask. A if Euripides esti sofos.
now that a there is not the true a of the conditional all right that’s why they put if
in parentheses so you have to realize when you look up a oh i promised you we would do this
um we’re gonna look up a but we’ll also look up hoss look at this when you look up hoss look at
what happens just on the main search page look at you get hoss hoss hoss hoss hoss hoss how many
times? One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. Max. Look at all the meanings. Look at all the
meanings it means on the right, right? Click on it. Watch what happens. How many ways, different
ways have we seen hos? Well, they’re going to summarize them. You can see it as an adverb of
manner. You can see it as a conjunction. Here’s its adverb of manner laid out for your hos
demonstratively equals
hutos, which is in this
way, or so, or
thus, right? Thus did they
do it. Hos, did
they do it. Here’s a
kaihos, what happens when you put a kai with it?
Even so.
Nevertheless. Yeah.
Look, the kai becomes adverbial
kai.
Not and so,
but even so.
Instead of the conjunction, it becomes…
That’s the kind of stuff that you notice as you’ve been
reading for a while, you’re like, oh, look, it’s switching to its adverbial form because it’s more
comfortable, right? In comparisons, right? When you’re giving an example, you can use it. You can
use it as relative, hos, as Homer does, right? Properly, it’s relative, right? Then they give
you an example you can use it with similes like or as hos utos right just as this guy
right in a sense according as and right now look we just looked at comparatives and they they tell
you after comparative compared with compared with something adverbial clauses parenthetically you
can use it look at the what they give you in greek as it seems that’s a qualifying clause
right this is parenthetically as it seems this little expression here it’s like outside of the
main thought you can use it right look what happens you can get anacoluthon anacoluthon
does anybody know what that is do any of the voices know it no not at all anna is through
So colu is from coluo to hinder.
So maybe something that, oh, a door banged shut.
There you go.
A sensor construction in which the expected grammatical sequence is absent.
Okay.
For example, while in the garden, the door banged shut.
Yeah.
Okay.
So Hoss can create, can introduce this.
it’s an oddity in the grammatical construction it’s just like okay we’re going to change our
normal appearance but it’s going to have the same structure seriously seriously where’s the rest of
hoss i want to bring us the rest of hoss because i want you to see i want you to see that just how
it goes on look with with adverbs you can use it in these different ways they’re not naming them
With a positive degree, hos alethos, as truly, thus truly, with adverbs expressing anything extraordinary, thalmastos, that which is most amazingly done, thalmastos, that’s just, it’s just ordinary, right?
anything beyond what is ordinary thaumastos very you know thauma is like a sight it’s like a
it’s almost like a miracle but it’s like a something that is you know that you’re
encountering that is causing you to be oh like oh i’m in awe right yeah yeah okay anyway um as there
this is a type we just learned right with the superlative it means as much as can be or as
much as possible yeah now look how far down the page that is that’s down where wait what what
about all these other forms did we learn them did we learn the host with the conjunction did
we learn the final clauses the purpose clauses look they’re all in there to express consequence
oh god it keeps going look you can use hoss and independent sentences you can just use
horse is an exclamation how something how here they have how silly horse are no on look at horse
unknown how without mind no on his mind right so unknown how without mind what is this it’s just
like it’s an exclamation you know oh your heart is full of stupidity right how stupid is is your
heart oh god here’s here’s a good one how charming right hos asteos oh god can we finally see a nice
word this guy is about the town right because an ostus is a city dude what is somebody who is
Siddeley. Siddeley. They’re town-bred. Seriously? And that equals polite. And it’s the opposite of
agroikos, right? The ager is that which is wild, right? Agroikos. You’re a rube. You’re a hillbilly.
a crocos you’re not a steos you’re not of the city oh i’m refined yeah unrefined right exactly don’t
be unrefined be of the city be elegant look they put witty there too i’m not quite sure i’m not
quite sure i don’t know thinking about how i’ve seen it here it’s used ironically right with
kairdos being a thing and that being a charming piece of luck osteos kairdos a pretty piece of
luck that’s irony if i describe your appearance with this word for citified it means pretty
or graceful right notice they also put handsome down here and right next to it is the septuagint
so dude if you’re not doing this classical work you’re not believe me you’re not qualified to
study that yeah for sure yeah you can have blood that’s of the city yeah yeah blood hellebore
which is a drug a plant and oinos wine you can have these things that are of the city
the astu you can have that as a type of as an expression like you can describe your blood or
your hellebore as your wine as being of the city it doesn’t mean it’s coming from a city it means
it’s of a of a refined nature it’s bougie bougie is that what bougie is okay oh my god you just
showed how old i am bougie how do you spell that bougie i don’t know yeah in french yeah
someone or something that is pretentious upper middle class yeah i can see i can see it’s from
bourgeois i can see that’s uh yeah exactly bougie i like that it’s not you’re not from the
countryside you’re you’re one of those upper crusty who is from the city and does things
with refined tastes and whatnot i guess nothing changes huh no is it a matter of why are we doing
this? Is it a matter of, I mean, are you really in antiquity looking at the city versus the
agrarian countryside where the farmers all are, right? Are you really looking at it as a difference
between what is delicate or charming and what is rude? If I leave you with that impression,
it’s going to make things too simple because the same people, see, after reading all these texts,
You can see the difference between the countrified and the city folk, right?
But the problem is, most of the people in antiquity are farmers.
Most of them, the overwhelming majority of these populations of these Greek-speaking cities,
they’re all farmers, and they’re using this city, but they still have a state, not estates,
but they still have either small farming operations or big ones.
So it’s really, I don’t know.
it’s really to make you think that it’s that simple is between hillbilly and you know urban
person urban dweller or something it’s it’s a little bit you form the opinion as you’re reading
that’s what you need to do is you’re reading you figure out from all the greek texts that you’ve
seen and madelena this is something you’re gonna you’re going to encounter because okay we’re going
to get you to the end of this intensive course we’re going to fill you with all of these
possibilities for these different types of nouns and all this stuff we’re going to dump into your
brain these last few units just to let you know that these things are out there and we’re going
to practice the exercises just to let you know that if you stick to the reason you can translate
and you can get this done but having said all of that what you’re going to do after this intensive
of course, is you’re going to go on to reading. You’re going to go on to jumping into the actual
reading with your Greek Smythe, with your Greek grammar from Smythe, just in case you got to look
something up and figure out a very complex form or something. You’re going to go on to read. And
as you’re reading, you’re going to develop a sense, right? The difference between the countryside
in the city is not cut and dry in some places it’s going to mean that some places it’s going
to be that right yeah so experience is important that’s all i’m trying to say okay experience is
important okay it’s 9 40 let’s i want to go back to the i want to screen share again and i want to
go back because i want to ask you now to tell me okay go to unit notice uh notice on page 530 and
i think this goes yeah to 531 is it two yeah it’s only two pages notice at the end of this thing
these two i hate that they did it on here let me get the regular book go to page just go to page
5 30. um see i don’t think i’m gonna be able to do this unless um i’m working with people that are
assimilating as quickly as you i think i’m gonna have to make a like a rule that you gotta be
you gotta meet the madelaine a threshold in order to be able to get through a full year
if you wanna yeah if you wanna do it in that time frame yeah yeah no no no like look at this
madeline if you and i had 10 weeks okay you can check out that chart on 5 35 31 it’s all of your
interrogatives your indefinites and your demonstratives and your relatives all laid
out for you it’s a very nice chart enjoy if you’re gonna uh get into that maybe let me make
sure that we got yep good okay look all of this material let me stop sharing all of this material
now you have we’re approaching the last couple of units you just had an exam on uh after 17 that was
18. you just had an exam after 17. so you should be able to translate that exam just like it’s an
exercise right we’ve built you up to the point that you can go to any part of this book look
at the exercises and go ahead and translate them if you don’t know the material you can look in the
chapter and say oh wait a minute this is indirect questions and this is how it’s used that’s what i
was doing with you today when i said you teach me and then what kind of construction is this let’s
go back in the book and look at it so look you don’t need any more instruction on how to learn
greek you have the basic operating system there now you’re going to have to refine it yeah you’re
going to have to refine it you’re going to have to add more constructions oh this is new how you’re
going to have to exercise it like you were just given a whole bunch of me verbs didomi histami
and tithami those three verbs i guarantee you 25 if you go right now and read a text 25 of your
time is going to be dealing with odd forms like those yeah and getting them down and saying oh
i gotta go back and i gotta review my optatives my future opted ah what do those look
like again 25 of what you’re gonna do is that another 25 of what you you’re doing is looking up
words right at least a quarter of your time translating at least if not more half looking
up words. Yeah. Okay. So realize that you have experienced the proper operation of the basic
ancient Greek operating system, but this is only the basics of your training. Yeah. Now you need
to go on and you need to use a text and a translation and a grammar and a lexicon
and you need to start educating your own system like and it’s i don’t know how to describe it
it’s like adding supplements or you know how you well my son is a video game fanatic right he’s
really good and um he’s always getting extensions or you know updates um to add to the game to be
able to expand it you know and to do new missions or whatever so um this is the same thing with the
greek there are all sorts of add-ons that you can have now um all of them will function within the
universe of your basic operating system that you are laying down notice i say you’re not done when
you’re at unit 20 you have just laid down the basics basically what it is is you have been
you have learned the ability to assimilate the material now i’m telling you there’s more material
out there oh yeah nodules there’s all sorts of little kind little weird ass constructions
there are things that you’re going to see in different dialects you and i haven’t none of
these none of the um quotes that they’re going to have at the end of the chapters at the end of the
units none of these are going to be in dorian right you and i haven’t looked at dorian you’re
going to look at dorian if i give you if i say tomorrow i want you to show up and i want you to
read the first five lines of pindar’s um fourth pithy and ode you’re gonna find all it’s gonna
look like chinese to you you’re gonna say you’re gonna say god damn it i have been doing this
20 units we’re gonna get through and this pindar looks to me like it’s a totally foreign language
you know yeah yes that’s the trick you’re gonna have to do that with homer you’re gonna have to
do that with the dorian the ionian but you had to start somewhere you had to start with the attic
we started you with the most pure from the attic you can derive all of that stuff yeah but you’re
gonna have to set up your operating system before you can add those nodules most people
or those modules not nodules nodules are where you get if you’re sick right modules if you add
those modules, you will augment your power so that when you’re sitting there translating with
me right now, you’ve had the basics of Attic. So if you spend the next two months reading Attic
Greek, you’ll be very comfortable. You’ll be in a good place. Like what I would recommend for you
right now, after we finish the 20 units, if I were you, I would go out and I would purchase
or i would steal off the internet apollo doris his library okay i would steal it and i would
read the whole goddamn thing okay i would read it all after three four five days of just reading
10 15 lines you’re going to notice that your your pace quickens because you’re only working
one author and the the funny trick is that we don’t know but it’s a it’s a reality it’s not
intuitive, but it’s a reality. Any author you work with is going to have a limit to their own
vocabulary, right? It’s just what they are more used to using. So you will learn those limits
very quickly and you will start to gain that person’s vocabulary. And you’ll be reading the
last third of it at twice the speed that you read the first two thirds, right? You’ll be reading it
way faster because you’ll be used to this person’s vocabulary. So what I would recommend
is right after we finish, right after we finish that you get a Paul and Doris’s library. Okay.
If you stop for one day, you will lose ground. This is a phenomenon, a phenomenon of ancient
greek if i go after 35 years plus if i stop for one day i lose ground if scarborough stopped for
one day he lost ground it’s a phenomenon you’re going to have to exercise your greek constantly
but not like the way that we have done it because that will kill you nobody will do that right you
have to read things that you find interesting. Read the library. Skip over boring parts. Jump
to parts that are exciting. Read those exciting parts. If you can keep yourself happy while you’re
exercising, you’ll exercise more. And it’ll get to a point where it is like me, where now it’s an
obsession, right? This morning, let me give you an example. This morning, I’m just trying to give
you the big picture as we approach the end of the text. This morning I was reading, I’m doing my
Satan searches, right? I’m doing all the TLG on Satan. And not only am I doing Satan, but I’m
doing compound searches for terms that are associated with Satan. And as I’m finding these
texts, I found, as I’m looking through these texts, I found a whole new one that nobody’s translated.
There’s no fucking, I didn’t even look, but I guarantee you there’s no translation of this
thing. Well, having said that, it may be, but what do I do it as I see that? Oh crap. This is a new
work. Okay. I read the first couple of lines of it and I’m like, Oh God, it is coin a out the butt.
Right? So I put on my coin a hat and I told Chewy, I was like, watch this, right? I’m going to
watch so what do i do i competitively competitively see how fast i can read it
right see how fast i can get it and um you’re gonna do this it’s gonna be a it’s gonna be a
compulsion because the more you learn of the greek the more appreciation you will have for
and the more you’ll look back on yourself and say oh my god i thought i knew so much and i
and now there’s this and it just it’ll blow your world it’s something about ancient greek that’ll
it’s an it’s an unending pool of gorgeous resources that are that are there for you
it’s just i can’t explain it it’s just gorgeous it’s just absolutely gorgeous for uh for 18
the end of 18 boom and now if you were at university i would have a reading class and
would enroll you in the reading class and we could read all of the um library together all
of apollodorus’s library together i would love that that would be gorgeous and we would start
off and you’d be reading 10 to you’d be reading 20 lines 10 to 20 lines a class and by the end
of the class you’d be reading 100 right and that’s where that’s where we need to get so you really
continue go to page go to page 538 we have some aristophanes from the knights some aristophanes
from the knights and that goes all the way to plato’s gorgias and they’re working up they’re
working up to make it okay so i’m gonna give you a choice okay i’m gonna give you a choice let me
just make sure 17 for this for the work that i want you to do for tomorrow you can choose either
plato aristophanes oh yeah these are the orders that’s why i hate the or um there’s more plato’s
scorgious on page 510 so i will let you choose for yourself okay another six to eight exercises
from unit 18 that’s one thing i want you to do okay a few more and then i want you to choose
i want you to choose do you want to do some just tell me now would you rather do aristophanes
or plato those are two totally different thing ball games so aristophanes is the comedian right
writing stuff that we don’t understand it because we don’t read the greek it’s not funny to us right
because we don’t read greek so you you’ll have access to that maybe it’ll be funny or we can do
some of plato’s gorgias and i will sit there and hold my breath while we do it but it’s good greek
and you need to learn it and he’ll he’ll use some duels some good attic duels and that’s that’ll be
good for you so you choose plato or aristophanes oh um it makes no difference to me really um
you can do aristophanes you want to do aristophanes i’m so glad you chose that thank you
you did that just because you knew that i hate plato okay plato is good training but it’s it’s
i just don’t like plato okay then what we’ll read is this first section so i want you to do
six to eight exercises from unit 18. Six to eight exercises from unit 18. And then
just one, two, three, four, these five lines that start on page 538 from Aristophanes’ Night. I just
want you to focus on that. Okay. Let’s see. That’s six to eight exercises for you and five to six
lines okay and with the rest of your time from your tight tight schedule i want you to look yeah
that’s what we do i want you to go to see i’m thinking i have to cut now because it’s so fast
i want you to go to uh where were those 18.5 and then hang on let me figure this out here’s what i
want you to do instead of your eight instead of your six to eight from unit 18 i want you to go
to the exam before 18 and i want you to do all of these on page 516 i want you to do
nope that’s the review where’s the fine where’s the exam dog wasn’t it before around 17 right
after 17 maybe it was what page is that on
it was between 16 and 17 or was it page uh which i don’t know where it’s not where the
voice is in your head when we need them damn it i’m looking after 18 then okay just just go to
page 516 just go to page 516 and look at the review for 15 to 17 and i want you to do i want
you to do number one and madalena please when you’re doing these look at what’s in the parentheses
because i want you to see all the structures okay number one number two number three number four
and number five numbers one two three four and five i want you to do those looking at the grammar
that’s underneath them and when we start so don’t do any exercises from 18 just do these first five
on page 516 and when we start we’re going to do it as if it were your exam okay i want you to be
able to translate these completely explaining to me what the structures are the grammatical
structures explaining it 100 as if it were your exam okay so why are we doing this it’s just extra
prepping you to see that you’ve you’ve learned what they need to what you’re able to jump over
the obstacle you need to jump over so let me repeat one more time for tomorrow we’ve got the
first five from the review on page 516, and then we’ve got Aristophanes, about five lines
from the Knights, Aristophanes, and hopefully what you’ll begin doing is applying your grammatical
analysis from the exercise to your grammatical analysis of Aristophanes, or the actual Greek
text so tomorrow as we translate errors we’ll start with these exercises and then i’ll tell
you okay we’re done with those now i want you to do aristophanes i want you to explain to me
the grammar of aristophanes just like you would from the exercises okay okay okay that should
that should be able to trip the getting over the hurdle okay fantastic thank you for being a
a guinea pig in all of this of course yeah my pleasure it’s an honor you’re welcome to come
on tomorrow at at the end of the show if you want to if you don’t want to you don’t have to
okay so if i’ll send you a link if you come i will have you say something if you don’t i will
talk about where you are and the fact that you’re almost finished and the fact that you
caught me trying to turn a future into an heiress and that is most embarrassing most embarrassing
but the best students do that right that’s what you want you want that kind of initiative so
well done soldier beautiful job thank you anything else i can do any questions for me
um nope hi uh i’m i’m excited for tomorrow and um i’m working on this stuff so
god how fun so fun make sure and read 19 and 20 for the fun of it okay yeah yeah okay
okay madelena it’s a real honor to be able to work with you i really appreciate it
And I’m really afraid that you’re going to kill my, you’re going to kill my curve.
And yeah, because you’re, you’re fast.
So, you know, congratulations.
Congratulations.
If you were my student at university, I would insist, I would insist on getting you into
all, every one of the reading courses that we could.
And people would say, no, she’s taken too many.
And I would say, fuck you.
she’s going to go way beyond where
your average student’s going to go
so I would push in that direction
okay I’ll leave you alone
get some sleep
good night to all the voices
thanks by the way for all the help tonight
maybe that’s something we learned too
is that you guys can be helpful in that way
backing up right
so thanks okay thank you guys
have a good night
good night
awesome Adelina
congrats Maddie
Thank you.
Source: Lady Babylon