Descriptions:
Video Description
The second lesson turns from nouns to verbs, and it starts with a warning: the Greek verb is where students break. In this session Ammon Hillman walks the class through the idea that a Greek adjective-verb, like luo (λύω), to loosen or destroy, and its six principal parts contain tense and aspect packed into one word. The lesson points out that tense in Greek is not just time, but aspect, whether an action is happening once, is ongoing, or is already finished.
From there the hour sorts the endings. The present indicative uses short vowels, the future borrows from the present, and the imperfect and aorist add the epsilon augment at the front. The class repeats the principal parts of keleuo (κελεύω), to command, and luo, and then reads the appendix of Smith’s grammar so the learner can see how large the verb system is. The teacher stresses one habit: when a sentence feels overwhelming, find the verb first.
The close adds the voices and moods. Active, passive, and middle describe who benefits from the action, and the middle voice is presented as the one English lacks most, a thing done for one’s own sake. The moods are laid out as indicative, subjunctive, optative, and imperative, a movement from fact to possibility to command. The work for the next session is to memorize four sets of endings and the unit two vocabulary.
Full Video Transcript
Oh, can you hear this?
I’m in.
Hey, Cruz.
Can you hear me?
Hey, what’s up, Ammon?
We hear you, Doug.
All right.
Fantastic.
Fantastic.
Cruz, are you still making videos, Cruz?
Yes, I am.
I’ve been taking a break because I’ve been doing a lot of studying this week.
Okay.
Well, you got to do what you got to do, right?
Yeah.
Awesome.
mad collaborations in the future yeah is that is that right yeah who was that who was that
this is jeff hey jeff how are you do you do you collaborate i hope so man
powerful woman man i can tell you your resolution of your pixels are so much better
than before with this chord.
Yeah.
The audio is better, too.
It looked like two years ago last night.
You know what I mean?
Oh, did it?
I can’t see where to look.
That’s subatomic.
Yeah, I’m here, though.
I thought I heard you.
I thought I heard you.
Good subatomic.
They’re both here.
Oh, my God.
Are you guys studying along with Madalena?
Oh, yeah.
Absolutely.
No, no, no.
We’re trying to see something else.
You sons of bitches, if I gave you a vocabulary quiz right now, would you be able to pass it?
Do it.
No.
Sorry.
Test me.
Test me.
Shoot.
Test me.
I’ll try it.
Sons of bitches.
Madelaine, are you out there?
Howdy.
You hear me?
Yes.
and tell me something you have uh what you do last night just tell us all tell the voices in
your head and me what you did today before class or how you prepared for class um well i made an
audio recording and i listened to it about 500 times um and read through unit two and had about
five mental breakdowns and then um took care of my kids and uh here we are fantastic just five
mental breakdowns huh good good good but yeah i see you’re here so you you unbroke yeah which is
which is nice you’ve had a break and then you men back together you have read unit two i’m sure it’s
probably the reason for your break one of your breaks at least yeah tell me uh what you think
of unit two just give me your impressions um intro to verbs uh i i kind of um understand the
the the concepts of um like tenses yeah yeah concept of tenses which is weird because it’s
not the same thing as english yeah yeah i was reading today online um somebody was explaining
why greek is so much more difficult ancient greek is so much more difficult than any
language especially any modern language and they were comparing it to some another difficult
language which is old irish i guess um how anyway they were trying to explain to the world
The authors of this article were trying to explain to the world why it is so difficult to learn.
That’s what you’re going through.
Realize what you’ve bitten off is big.
And it’s going to be a lot of chewing and a lot of, you know, thanking to yourself.
Oh, my God.
Did I do the right thing?
Right?
Okay.
I want you, before we begin
I want you to look at this, Madalena
This is the Smythe Grammar
Which camera do I have on, Chewy?
This is the Smythe Grammar
I know that you guys have this online, correct?
Yeah
So you have access to this?
Yes, but not presently
Okay
You don’t need it presently. I just want you to start thinking in your mind about this book.
This book will go into far more detail than you need right now. You shouldn’t be anywhere close
to it. But I want you, since you’re in this intensive program, to be thinking about it in
the back of your mind. It’s got a very good section on particles. One of the reasons ancient
Greek is so difficult is because of its highly specialized use of particles to set up things like
the speaker’s intentions. What came before this that has to be considered? What is the conclusion
from the thing that came before? What does it naturally conclude? And what is my, as the speaker,
what is my impression? There are words, little tiny words in Greek called particles. And you’re
going to be introduced to some of these particles. We do not do this in English. We do not do this.
you mean we don’t have conjunctions? We don’t have adverbs? No, we do. We do have conjunctions
and adverbs, but the Greek is operating on a higher level. It is telling you exactly how the
sentence that you’re in relates to every other sentence around it, both what’s been in the past
and what’s coming in the future. It’s a structural step up. That’s what the particles are doing.
Now, having said that, I’m going to introduce you to a few particles because we always begin with vocabulary.
But I want you to realize that they are very advanced calculations, okay?
Their entire, there’s a book by Duckworth, I think it’s Duckworth, British classicist, I think that’s,
anywho, an entire book just on the ancient Greek particles. I’m telling you. And there will be
places where they will say, well, we think it means this. We think it probably means this or
that, right? Or it’s leaning towards this or that. That’s how complicated it gets. That’s part of
your new operating system is these particles. So I want you to turn with me to page 53.
this is the unit two vocabulary and i just want you to look at the first particle that we see
that’s the third word down ara good ara and notice for the notice for the translation
it says introduces a question so you don’t translate ara you just realize that it’s
trying to tell you ara is telling you hey i’m yeah i’m oh did i freeze god bless america
did i freeze oh no you didn’t freeze no i didn’t oh maybe maddie froze madelaine are you there
still there oh i think we’ve lost contact boom she’s probably coming back this is probably the
best quality we’ve ever had seeing you doc is it fantastic quality can you see all my
blemishes oh my god he’s fatter than i thought he was you know what i mean god chewy told me i
looked like i was having a baby today couldn’t believe it god we love you you sexy beast
you know it you know it okay where’s maddie did she did she come back yeah okay let’s see
bum bum bum let’s get her back i hope mother craig didn’t didn’t act too manually with maddie
oh that can happen so she’s not there no she completely dropped she completely dropped
she’s probably gonna restart and everything fantastic do i want to test somebody who’s
sitting there tell me something people who were sitting there let’s go oh gosh hey hey look look
on page 53 of rewar we may wait for madalena look at number the page 53 the fourth word down
oh god what does it say in parentheses that god is it’s a post-positive conjunction
it’s a post-positive conjunction and what does it mean post-positive it’s kind of cannot come
as that first word right it’s got to follow that first word why is that dude it’s a matrical thing
right i i’m back madelena fantastic look madelena look at ara the particle introducing a question
i just want you to see that look we don’t really use concepts as sophisticated as these particles
in english so it is a hell of a hard time learning them for an english speaker this is going to be
the hardest thing that you do okay the hardest thing that you do right fantastic hey
madeline you just tell me if you need to go do what you need to do i’m all right let me know
you can also put yourself on just the privacy channels you know what i mean just put it up put
up your icon if you want and get some i’ll know you’re there i don’t have to necessarily there you
go. Here we go. Can we all see this? Yes. Chewy said, can we all see this? Okay. That way,
Madelaine can just look at what’s on the screen. Perfect. Okay. Madelaine, are you still there
with me? Can I hear you? Yeah. Fantastic. Okay. Here we go. Blow that up, Chewy. So the old men
in the group like me can see it. People look down at that particle, ara, right? Realize it’s
different. Look at these conjunctions, the gar and the de, right? I thought you said,
hey there, baby. I thought you said these words, the word for but is Allah, right? Oh, God,
it is. But here’s another one for but. But this but is different. Madalena, this de is different
from the other but that we have in Greek. So, look at that. What do you mean, wait a minute? I thought,
you know, but is but. Yeah, no, not really. In Greek, it’s not. Now, look at the next word down,
hex. Notice there’s a rough breathing on it. It’s an indeclinable numeral. Its ending is not going
to change. It’s always going to be hex, which is nice, right? Oh, finally, I don’t have to memorize
goddamn endings. Oh, sorry. I’ll put the nice language on for the little ones. Okay, eo. Look
at the adverb underneath that. Madalena, this is what we’re doing. We’re trying to figure out
different words, and I want you to see what a variety of different kinds of words that we’ve
got this ew is an adverb right it just means well it’s never going to change its form it’s always
gonna be ew ew yeah nice did you hear the w sound in that there’s your digamma nice and this grammar
by smythe it’s gonna have digammas all over it right um like most people don’t realize that
kalos has, just the word for fine or beautiful, that it has dikama in it, right? It’s amazing.
But okay, anyway, next word down, let me hear you say it, zoyan, and I’m going to go ahead and
pronounce the iota subscript, because as I was reading today, Madalena, listen how current this
I was just reading today. By 400 BC, they are starting to phase out the pronunciation
of the Yoda subscript, but in the attic, you can still hear it. So that’s why, you know,
come on, man, let’s just get as close as we can to that rarefied, purified attic.
That was one of the reasons, one of the things the people online were saying today about why
ancient Greek is so hard to learn, and they’re right, is because of the dialects. And you really
are dealing with different music in each of the dialects. So anyway, anywho, let’s keep going down
the vocabulary. A being your conjunction, right? A, A, right? Either A or B. A, A, right? Or you
could just have it by itself, and it just means or. You’re making a choice. It’s telling you,
A is telling you you’re making a choice. You mean just that one vowel is its own word?
Not really. Not really. Notice now that the Eta can represent a choice. And I want you to be
thinking about that the rest of the time that you’re learning classical Greek. It’ll come in
handy. Now, underneath that, Madalena, is the verb. We’ve got all six principal parts. I want
you to pronounce them nice and loud and i will correct you on those please it’s the verb to
order or command
and um sorry
um heck is that no it’s a kill a you seen yeah yeah that’s six principle part that’s an heiress
passive and it’s it’s difficult to pronounce it is a close thing now i want you to hear
i want you to say them again but this time i want you to focus on the accent and hitting the accent
so go ahead give it a shot do it again but focus on the accent give me a second it’s no rush maybe
baby will absorb some of this you know what i mean yeah you just put in your grade school that
you know at home we speak coin greek
there you go all right so
okay good okay good
now listen to me as i say it okay and i want you to mimic me exactly
now notice notice on that first one the oopsalon and again this is training right i’m
yeah as i say oopsalon your eyes go to the oopsalon yeah that is in killable right so
that upsilon is the digamma so really it’s its own consonant it’s not a vowel there it’s not
acting as a vowel right yes so people try to run that together the brits do this they run the
epsilon upsilon together and they say you yeah keluo they’ll say right right i think the more
attic pronunciation is with the di gamma vocalizing so it comes out kelewo okay kelewo
it’s got the it’s got it in there but kelewo keleuso ekeleusa ekeleusa good ekeleusa good
here the here the di gamma is still there the attic is still asserting a di gamma ekeleusa
good good the fourth principle part kekeleuka kekeleuka good kekeleusmae kekeleusmae good
and ekeleusthen ekeleusthen yeah good good good underneath that is luo and i want you to memorize
luo because it’s going to be your paradigmatic example of what a verb does it’s a regular
verb. Okay. Luo, luso, elusa. Leluca, lelumai, elusen. Go ahead.
Luo, luso, elusa. Leluca, lelumai, elusen. Beautifully done. Right? Listen to that,
little one. Mommy’s doing it perfectly. Luo, luso, elusa. Now, before we jump from this
opportunity. I want you to look at the screen, look at the verb luo, and I want you to realize
it’s six principal parts. The first principal part, luo, is going to give you the present.
The second principal part, luso, is going to give you the future. The third is going to give you
the heiress right that’s all we’ve learned so far in unit two we’ve learned those we learned
present the imperfect the future and the heiress all of those are coming from these three principal
parts luo luso elusa luo i destroy luso i will destroy elusa i destroyed nice that’s awesome
yeah yeah and then if you want to make the imperfect eluon i was destroying right and you
say what the hell’s the difference between i was destroying in the imperfect and i destroyed
in the aorist the difference in those tenses is the aspect something they call the aspect
go ahead and pull blow me up chewy that’s the aspect of the verb it’s whether the verb is
ongoing the action is ongoing or whether it’s a specific point terminus in time right
i’m telling you these greek verbs they cap i’m in prose now okay cool i thought i lost it again
key complex the way they’re doing this i’m in your prose for a bit can you start go back about
two minutes do oh go back um the complexity thanks for telling me the complexity of what
is being packed into the verb is mind-boggling you learned in unit two madelena that ancient
Greek has these tenses. It’s verbs, it’s words of action and being that these words have tense to
them. And it’s not really tense like we know it. It’s a more rarefied kind of specified activity
or being. Is the activity ongoing? Is the activity something that happens habitually? Or is it
something that is a one-shot wonder. And so, I just want you to know that as you’re learning all
of the basics about the Greek verb, it’s going to be overwhelming. There’s a lot, there’s a lot
being programmed in there. Go ahead and turn with me to page 39. Turn with me to page, oh, you know
what? Madeline is busy. Put with her hands, put the, put on page 39 for her. Blow it up. Fantastic.
Chewy, look at this. You got to show me how to do this. 39. There we go. Blow it up. Fantastic.
Madalena, I want you to see. Give me a shout out if you can see that person number, tense mood,
and voice there at the bottom. I can see it. Okay. Fantastic. I just want to go through these
a little bit with you just to make sure you’ve gotten it. Okay. That person, we’ve got three of
them. First, second, and third. Now, of those people, that first, second, and third people,
we’ve got singulars, and then we’ve got plurals. So, what do we have? We’ve got first, second,
third, singular, and first, second, third, plural. That is both person and number in a verb.
every verb is going to have this person number tense mood and voice thing right some of them
will be weird and they don’t because they’re infinitives they don’t have person and number
right but they’ve got this instead they’ve got tense but it’s only aspect what how the
hell are you supposed to memorize all of that? Right? You can’t. I just want you to see the
complexity of it. And I want you to get your mind around what’s going on conceptually. Okay? So
every verb, when it comes to person and number, has a first, second, third singular, and a first,
second, third plural. The first singular is I. Second singular, you. Third singular, he, she,
or it. First plural, we. Second plural, you all. Third plural, they. Okay. Does person and number
make perfect sense to you? Yeah. Okay. So when the verb is going to do something, it’ll do it
through either an I, a you, a he, she, it, a we, a you, or a they. Excellent. Go ahead and move down
to tense. This is the kicker that kicks everybody’s guts out. Are you ready to see why this is so
complex? Tense always, look, they put everything in caps, right? Yelling. Tense always conveys
information about aspect and sometimes conveys information about aspect and time. What is time?
Time is your present, past, or future, right?
I’m doing something, I will do something, right?
I did something, fantastic.
But what is aspect?
Aspect indicates how the occurrence of the action is viewed.
Whether the action simply occurs, is in progress, is repeated, or is already completed, okay?
The action that you’re doing, what is it?
is it in progress are you falling right now right yeah nice look at the four examples they give you
we fell we were falling we used to fall we had fallen look at the fourth one we had fallen that
is nice completed action right it’s already done when you’re talking about it in the past
it is already done. Okay. Those are aspects and they give you the bold three at the bottom,
simple aspect, progressive or repeated aspect and completed, right? Your heiress is going to be that
simple aspect, right? It’s a simple action, one timer. It’s not something that’s being repeated.
It’s not progressive.
And why are they so consumed?
Why are they so consumed with these concepts?
Because when you’re identifying what an action is doing,
you can identify it with respect to all sorts of things like time.
So the Greek mind saw this and said,
we’re going to have to capture this.
The present tense describes an action in present time with progressive, right?
or repeated aspect. I am falling. I fall habitually. I fall every time I walk by the ice
cream, right? I fall to the temptation. That’s my habitual falling. I am falling. Right now,
I’m falling. The ice cream is calling, right? Look at the future. The future describes an action in
future time right that can be simple i will fall or progressive i will be falling okay do you see
how there’s my god man you have to consider all of these for each of these tenses yes it’s easier
than you think it will solidify itself in your brain we’ll do it together the perfect tense look
whose name comes from the latin word completed right perfectus describes an action in present
time and always has completed aspect look at just look at how they translate in english
i have fallen do you see how that’s present time yeah right now in the present i have fallen
to the temptation of the ice cream, right?
I’ve already done it.
It’s completed, but it’s completed at present right now
as we’re talking right now.
So the perfect tense is actually a present time,
but it has a completed aspect.
So it sounds to us like it’s what you would call a past.
When you just call it a past tense, no, you wouldn’t.
it’s a present tense see that people don’t expect these things then we got the pluperfect i had
right it’s just a perfect it’s kicked into the past time yesterday i had mowed in the lawn
i had mowed in english i had mowed yesterday i had eaten the spaghetti when somebody barged in
and blah, blah, blah. So you can see that in the past, that pluperfect is already done. It’s done
in the past. Fantastic. Look at the future perfect and don’t worry about it because we’re not going
to get it. It’s just will have, right? I will have done something. Good. But it’s so rare that you’re
not going to get it in this text. You don’t need to worry about it, okay? Then we get six and seven,
the imperfect and the aorist. And that imperfect is that past time again that’s progressive,
right? I was doing something. I was. In the past, I was doing something progressively,
repeatedly, right? And then the aorist tense is a past time, but it has simple aspects,
just a simple action, right? I fell. That’s it. Boop. That’s it. Done. Don’t need to describe.
It describes an event which happens once and for all. Once and for all. Okay. Then they give you
this chart. They give you this giant chart. Now, you can look at that, and if you’re the type of
person who likes to put things together, this chart is useful. If you’re a person who’s like me,
who looks at something and hopes to see it circled
but sees instead these fucking boxes.
You know what I mean?
It’s a pain in the butt.
But it puts your tenses in the right place
to show you which are a present, past, or future.
Okay, fantastic.
You’re welcome to that if you want it.
Okay, now, Madalena, I want to step back.
and before we finish off by going to mood and voice with this section before we go to mood
and voice i want to step back and ask you this is a lot on verbs how’s it you think you’re absorbing
maybe 60 70 80 where are you um i’d say yeah probably like 70 80 good so conceptually it’s
making sense to you yeah okay fantastic that’s good news because units two and three are notoriously
the breaking points anybody who was unsure of themselves for a good reason those people will
find that the verb in greek is devastatingly complex it is yeah okay so everybody’s sitting
there with your brain like uh okay fine should we go to the appendix madeline i want you to get
used to going to this appendix when you don’t feel it’s in the no very bottom when you don’t
feel like reading and you don’t feel like trying to translate but you want to do some greek um
find your personal space where you can be private and just open this chart should we look how far
it is it’s not even halfway through okay did you beat me to it go to here let me here oh my god can
we scroll with this no that’s ridiculous okay here we got to figure out some kind of bookmark
because because um i’m going to be jumping to this appendix over the next four weeks i’m going
to be jumping this appendix quite frequently okay oh there we go you could type in the page number
maybe yeah that would be way too easy come on what are you talking about man come on does she
know who she’s dealing with okay yeah some of those charts are right okay here’s what i want
you to do i want you to go to the very beginning of the appendix which is on page madeline you’re
there what page is that 589 yeah here i want you to go to right now i want you to go to page 689
yeah jump 100 pages down why don’t we just plug in the page number next time that’s genius look
at these verbs can she see my screen okay madeline look at these verbs yeah you see the
one two three four five six across the top that’s their principal parts these are all the most used
verbs the ones that you’re going to see all over the place right most of them very sexy i mean some
good verbs here man like let me show you right oh god what is that i’m gonna make something clear
to you, right? I’m not going to sacrifice. Anyway, realize that you’re going to be looking over
charts like this. Just look at this verb, thuo. I’ll put it at the top. It means to sacrifice.
Thuo, thuso, ethusa. Tethuka, tethumai, etuthen. To sacrifice, to burn that incense.
um does that look like luo it looks like luo doesn’t it what was luo luo luso yeah do you
remember can you do luo to destroy yes yeah do you remember the principal parts though luo
luso i want you to be looking at thuo but i want you to be thanking luo luo
yes uh the luthane good yeah luthane you got it right you got it look how everything is going to
be fitting together like that and you’re just pretty soon going to recognize yeah that first
principle part it’s a present or an imperfect yeah that second principle part it’s a future
right yeah okay you’re only going to get that you’re only going to get that from looking at
this stuff so i want part of your preparation to be looking at it and that’s where we go to the
beginning of this appendix. You’re just starting verbs, and I want to go to the verbs. Notice the
nouns. Go ahead. Notice the nouns are only a short section, the verbs. All of a sudden, you’re in a
giant world. Here, Chewie, let me take a word. Yeah, no, what are you doing? No, here we go.
Will you sit? Will you sit down, please? I sit down. Okay, these are the charts. I’m sorry.
I should have had this marked, but we’ll go there, okay, there, so here are your nouns,
look at this, if they can still see my screen, here are your nouns, right, we got first declension
nouns here, second declension, uh-oh, look, here’s some third declension nouns, oh, they get weird,
look at that, nominatives in eta versus alpha, right, shorties in alpha, look, here it is more,
A to sigma. You haven’t learned those yet, right? Second declension nouns. Here they are,
whole bunch, right? You’re looking at the morphology. You’re looking at the changes
that the words, the nouns are making, and you’re like, okay, that’s not bad. I can see how these
forms are. Here’s some adjectives, right? So we went through the nouns already. We finished those.
We went through adjectives. Then we’re going to hit participles. Participles come from verbs,
people, right? Do you understand they’re basically the verbs turned into that adjective. They’re
trying to describe things for you, just like an adjective is. And this is where we’re going to get
a lot of them. Boom, boom. But then we’re going to hit, oh, there’s definite article, right? Some
demonstratives. Oh God, pronouns. Love them. Nouns and pronouns. You can’t have, you see how many
pages we’ve gone. Now we get to the verbs, right? Now we get to the verbs, and this appendix will
follow exactly the lessons that it has given you. Look, it’s lined up the present, the imperfect,
right? Fantastic. You can see luo. It’s using the verb luo, because luo is standard, regular,
ride god love it luo rise luay sluay oh god forget those duels right because we’re not concerned
about this anywho madelaine look what you’re doing you can just start perusing these verbs
and you go on a couple of pages look here’s the future you’re going down the future here’s the
future infinitive grind to do something to be about to do something isn’t that nice future
indicative middle. Oh God, we can change our voice. Active, middle, and passive. Look, there’s a ton.
It’s going to keep going forever. It seriously is going to keep going forever. Look, how many
pages of these forms do you want? How many pages of these verb forms? Right? Here’s some of the
common ones, the me verbs. Ditto me, histe me. Right? Now, here’s the problem. These are your
basis for a whole shit ton of your vocabulary. Look at their endings. They’re odd. Don’t they
have odd endings? Oh God, they have odd forms. They’re not exactly like the verbs that I’ve
learned. Yes. And they’re going to have all page after page after page because these are very
popular verbs, man. I’m telling you, this will go on and on until you get down finally to your list.
What have you done? You have looked at the complex machinery. Take it down. You’ve looked
of the complex machinery that is what you have started just today okay i want you to realize
that you’re taking on you’re taking a giant chunk a giant bite out of greek when you start working
with the verbs okay madelena what questions do you have for me and uh um yeah what questions
you have for me right now okay so the um when you are taking a verb and you are changing its form
uh you do you are there specific letters that you add um consistently with every one or is it
depend on the word. Yes, yes. There’s very specific endings in each tense. The moods
will have their different indicative or subjunctive. They’ll all have their own
endings. That ending will completely identify for you. It’ll tell you that person and number.
So, what’s the easy way to think about this?
Each tense is going to have specific endings that tell you all the information.
Like, is it a first person or a second person?
Is it singular or plural?
All of that information they’re going to have packed in there.
So, you need to learn different endings for each tense.
For example, on page 45.
45.
Look at these endings.
Chewie, bring up 45. Look at these endings. Oh, God. Is it? No, down. I need the bottom part.
There we go. Look at these endings for the present indicative active. Present indicative active,
right? That’s all we’re going to learn is indicative active right now for a while,
but this is the present tense. Are you ready? What are the endings? The endings are O, A, C,
or notice for that third person plural the usi can also be an usin with a new it’s got what’s
called a movable new at the end of it so for your present verb like luo i destroy luo all you do is
you take off the omega and you add these endings to change the person and number so first person
singular, I destroy, is luo. Second person singular, you destroy, lues. Lue, he, she, it
destroys, right? Luomen, luete, luusi. They destroy, luusi. They destroy. Hear how that’s
just the present tense? Present tense. It can be they are destroying or they destroy, right? And
you say, well, how do I know? Which is which? You’ll know from the context. You’ll know from
the context oh god you mean there’s shit that i learn in context too on top of all this technical
yes yeah right how many pages if i’m not scaring you how many pages this smith grammar is 750 ish
pages 750 pages just to explain the grammar of mother greek and that writing is tiny have you
seen it, Madalena? I have, yeah. It’s tiny. Look at how tiny it is. I could spend 45 minutes on
this page, right? What? It’s ridiculous. So do you feel overwhelmed? Not too bad. I’m following,
so. Good, good, good, good. Here’s what I want you to do. I want you to take a break, a 10-minute
break, and then I want you to come back, and I want you to be able to take a vocab quiz from this
chapter, and I want us to be able to drill your present, imperfect, future, and aorist endings.
Let me say that again. Your present, your future, your imperfect, and your aorist endings. Those are
the four tenses you’ll find those madalena on page 45 is where they start so i’ll ask you what
are what are the present endings and i want you to be able to say oh ace a good i want you to be
able to do that for the imperfect for the future and the heiress as well okay so that’s what i’d
like for you to practice because that’s what we got to grind into your head i’ll come back in
at 30 minutes after and we may start depending on how ready you are we may just start but if you can
do the vocab by then that would be fantastic okay okay okay do that okay fantastic we’ll see you in
30 but 40 minutes all right thank you all right all right is uh madelaine ready for her quiz
yeah oh fantastic okay you know the drill you know the drill page 53 put your right hand over
the english okay and i just want to hit the verbs to start with so do you remember what
means um order good to order somebody to do something right it usually has an infinitive
with it kill all right to order somebody to do something good how about luo what does luo mean
to destroy excellent how about paidewo um paidewo to educate good and pimpo oh um send good
fantastic i want you to concentrate on those verbs and i want you yep good and i want you to
um try to be solidifying their how they’re working in your mind during this during this process
okay um now let’s go back and do a little bit of a little bit of reps some time in the gym
go back to the present indicative active this is page 45 but i want you just to give me the
forms of the present indicative active those endings tell me what those endings are oh
beautiful how about the imperfects um oh is a woman that’s the future you’re giving me the
future after i switched up and i went to the imperfect imperfect oh is that woman at their
on good i have it all memorized but right right right and of course you did it from present to
future you jump to that before the imperfect right just naturally because it’s the second
principal part yeah okay let’s do so the future is the same as the present always say
how about the heiress what are the heiress endings look like
yes you got it you got it okay so one more time after me the present always a
O-S-A-O-M-E-N-E-T-E-U-S-E
O-S-A-O-M-E-N-E-T-E-U-S-E
Good. The imperfect
O-S-A-O-M-E-N-E-T-E-ON
O-S-A-O-M-E-N-E-T-E-ON
Good. The
aorist A-S-A-O-M-E-N-E-T-E-ON
A-S-A-O-M-E-N-E-T-E-ON
A-S-A-O-M-E-N-E-T-E-ON
Good. Fantastic.
What I’d like to do now
is I’d like to apply
those endings to make sure
that you understand
how they are being used so please turn to the exercises now right and this is page 59
did you screw i haven’t looked at these yet go ahead here’s the here is the nope down
the exercises yep there you go see how it says exercises perfect you’re a great teacher’s aid
Chewy, you got to put that on your resume.
Okay, are you ready for this?
I just want you to look at the first exercise,
and I want you to tell me.
Just relax.
Okay.
And I want you to tell me which word is the verb.
If I do this.
No, this is, look on my screen.
This is the exercise.
Oh, okay.
My bad.
A pimple.
Good.
A pimple, right?
There it is.
Nice.
now let’s identify it you have to be able to identify it and when i say that i mean i need
to hear the person and number right i want to hear the tense what tense is this verb right
yeah so go ahead tell me what tense is this and what is the person and number i mean i want first
person singular first person plural whatever all right and the tense what is your guess on tense
um i’m i was thinking it it was imperfect good why uh on good what else tells you this is
this is at least a past tense it got to be either an imperfect or an aorist that go ahead what tells
you that the ada the epsilon yeah that’s okay that’s okay the epsilon augmented front at
pimp on you know it’s got to be either that imperfect or the aorist from the ones we’ve
learned so far right it’s got to be one of those and it happens to be the imperfect
how do you know it’s not the aorist besides the omicron new ending it’s also the wrong
principle part i just want you to look at that word and if we take off the ending the on
and we take off the augment at the front we get pimp we get pimp that that is the first
principal part pimpo right and if it were aorist it would have a c in it because it’s pimpo pimso
a pimpsa okay so you can know this thing is an imperfect based on its ending based on its
augment and based on its stem its root the pimp we know that’s the we know so anyway anywho that’s
how we’re identifying verbs now look i didn’t have you translate anything right by itself by itself
how would you just translate a pimpon um i mean a pimpon so oh man uh go back to your endings and
think where is that on where is that on okay sorry on so it would be um uh we were sending
right okay we would be a first person oh wait sorry um yeah yeah you’re right
we have to identify which person and number this thing is or they it would be they were sending
because it’s is it good good hold it right there good so it can be a third person plural it can be
they or it can be in this case this ending can also be a first person singular i okay now it’s
not the first person singular oh i see yeah because our subject is plural look hoi the oi
that is in the nominative plural masculine right for the noun the os so that has to be the subject
so it’s hoi the oi epimpon how would you just translate hoi the oi epimpon um the gods um
were sending good a good and i’d accept either were sending or sent there as well either one
excellent good the gods were sending what dora um yeah uh was that a gift there you go gifts right
gifts and it’s plural gifts good and where are they sending them a stain horon oh god yeah what
does that word mean see look it’s flat you won’t remember it until you see it the seventh time
yeah yeah remember we had it yesterday no that’s good that’s good you’re thinking ikea maybe but
But that’s not, no, this is the countryside.
Just say countryside.
Okay, so Atlanta, countryside, yeah.
Yeah, good, good, fantastic.
Now, none of that is important except for the verbs.
Yeah.
Look at number two.
Forget about the entire sentence, but the verb.
A-pimpson, a-pimpson.
So then that C would mean that it’s aorist?
Good, it’s an aorist.
Now, let’s say what person and number.
Think about your aorist endings.
and i want you to think ah us a amen is this an at the ending yet is they’ve added a new
but you can do that you can add a new when there’s a vowel at the end of the word like just
put on a new there fantastic i see so it’s a what person and number is that it’s a third
yeah good third singular right uh-huh he she or it sent yeah he she or it sent good
it just so happens that right next to that verb is the subject ho homeros so he is the he
of the he sent so how would you translate epimpson homeros um homer sent good beautiful
right you see forget everything else forget the rest of the right that’s all you need you’re
seeing how the you’re seeing how the verb is driving the sentence it’s the machinery of the
sentence look at the next one okay number three and let’s cut to the chase just take me to the
verb okay hold on a second my mouth’s kind of up here and notice too that you are scanning you know
you have to you’re having to scan these words and you’re having to figure out no that thing
didn’t look like a verb that okay so let’s see it’s good for you
pimp sissy good pimp sissy so identify pimp sissy tell me what tense person and number okay um
oh is that is it um third third third person future indicative good third person what singular
or plural um a plural sorry good third person plural future right you got it exactly and you
knew it was a future because of that pimps right pimps it’s got the future third person plural
ending and it’s got the future root to it right fantastic so how would you just translate it’s
The third person plural future for send.
They’ll be sending.
Good.
They will send.
They will send, yeah.
Did you freeze or is it me?
He’s frozen.
Okay.
As the men will send.
Good.
Beautiful.
Does everybody see that?
By everybody, I mean all the voices in the head of my life.
Yeah, for real.
Okay. Number four, Madalena, number four is a question. I want you to notice that the front
of it has Ara on it. And at the end of it, it has the semicolon, which is their way of expressing
a question mark. Who is this? You know, some smelly Byzantine monks. This is not the original
Greeks. Why? How do we know that for sure? I mean, just think about it. The Ara is already
telling you it’s a question why why would you need to signify that twice anywho look at number
four it’s a question and i want you to find the verb and just identify and translate the verb for
me okay um number four so that um luos destroy right and so luete um lucita lucita um it would
be is that you um second second um plural good um of future good second like will you be like
asking will you be um destroying good yeah yeah right and now look people what do we have here
we have kai after it and you were told in the vocabulary that kai can be a conjunction
or an adverb as a conjunction it’s joining two things so it means and it means and is a
conjunction but as an adverb oh right it is even you translate it as even right so try it as an
adverb here even so and and finish this translation because you know what filion is what
yeah friendship or love yeah yeah um will you be destroying even um the god’s friendship
good good and what’s under that god’s skirt oh uh sarcomplex
look at the article on um taste yeah good yeah what gender is that
is that a masculine or feminine or neuter um is it newer no it’s feminine it’s feminine right
you just earned yourself some reps right we’ll do some reps that’s okay we’ll do some reps
it’s feminine it’s feminine so taste they ooh is actually a goddess and why is it important
it’s important because the greek is giving you that much information okay trying to tell you
that this is a goddess right so and look at the gloriousness just for a minute of the article
tain with its noun phileon yeah so the definite article is separated from its noun yeah sandwiched
between the definite article tain and its noun phileon is this attribution right where is this
where is this friendship from it’s the friendship of the god of the god so okay let’s see yeah that’s
cool yeah it’s a gorgeous isn’t it a gorgeous way of just kind of sandwiching something in there
it’s kind of nice yeah i like it okay look at number five the verb is at the very end
oh man where is what is a woman what is it identify it for me what is its tense person a
number a little man so um is that right so a the the epsilon means that it’s uh oh god okay um
i’m sorry no take your time take your time oh it means it’s uh is no i’m wrong
omens uh what does the epsilon on the front tell you oh is it that i keep thinking that it’s a or
a or aorist i mean um that epsilon that epsilon augment tells you it’s either an imperfect or
an heiress those are the only two choices we have with an epsilon it’s imperfect because yeah
because good but it’s because of the ending right because i know that’s why i kept getting
scrambled up there you go for the voices in your head what you’re doing is you are identifying
based upon many things the augment the stem and the ending when you slide all those together
the right combo comes up in your head and you say oh right it’s imperfect yeah the augment says it’s
got to be imperfect or aorist for us so far and the ending almond right is that an aorist ending
that’s not even an aorist ending so it’s got to be that imperfect right and look this stem
the stem is that first principal part right it’s the lu from the luo so many ways of identifying
those three different components come together good okay right hello men so how would you
translate it it’s first person plural um is she uh first plural first plural oh they it’s so it’d
be no we we oh yeah okay so it would be well we destroying we’re just or destroyed good either
we destroyed is acceptable or we were destroying yeah right fantastic absolutely fantastic one more
look at number six at the ending at pie dale sauce tell me the tense the person and the number
okay so okay it’s fine okay it’d be eras right and it would be um oh man give me
first second third singular it would be okay yeah it would be um yeah it would be second right
good second second singular good yeah second singular so you figured out it’s aorist
second person singular can you tell us you got aorist first how did you get how did you get
that aorist what click well because it was uh us and that’s the only one with the um alpha
right right look look what you did recognize what you did right you’re using that ending to tell you
there which it is good and notice that the stem if you take off the epsilon augment on the front
which we would expect for an heiress so that fits notice that what you’ve got left when you
take that and the ending off is pi deus pi deus with a sigma and when you’re going over the
principal parts in your head pi deo pi deo so and pi deo sa yeah right you can see that oh yeah
it’s got the sigma then it would be yeah yeah so every element of that tells you all three elements
tell you that is an aorist beautiful beautiful okay now what you just did was you spent some time
figuring out how the verbs worked through these four different tenses in the next chapter you’re
going to get more tenses to work with right and we’re gonna start we’re gonna build for you kind
of the whole verb by telling you everything you can do with that verb tense wise now one of the
things that we did not cover i need you to go back we focused on tense because honestly tense
is the one that throws everybody yeah but i want to show you on page 43 i want to show you on page
43 that there are you can describe the voice of a verb every verb is going to have one of
three voices the active the passive yeah and the middle now most people get this before they
understand tense with its aspect they get this right away because it’s pretty much the same in
english actively i kick the ball yeah that verb is active it’s acting upon something you have a
direct object right passive the ball is kicked by me okay there the subject is having the verb
act upon it yeah right that subject the ball is kicked fantastic okay and then we have middle
the greek has something that’s we don’t have in english what we do we compensate for it in certain
ways but for them it’s an art it’s an art to use this voice and that’s the middle voice yeah that’s
the middle voice and that middle voice means you’ve done something but you’ve done it for your
own benefit right you have think of it in english i think the closest we get is well i’m having my
kids educated okay right it’s it really is a process that comes back to me it benefits me
in the long run that’s crazy right yeah isn’t it great so it’s a voice that you can shift the verb
into in order to expose the intent of the one doing the action right if you think about that
for a minute what it shows you is the intent you’re doing this thing so that you will derive
x y or z right so it’s a kind of uh yeah it’s a it’s a you have to get used to this voice
this type of voice okay um that’s one thing and the other that i want to talk about is mood go
back to 42 explain that yeah what the hell is the mood now the only mood that we dealt with
in the exercises is the indicative mood right and it tells you here what is the indicative mood go
ahead to shine it up sure sure the indicative mood is the mood of factual statements and factual
questions right it’s reality the indicative mood is the exercise of reality it’s the true
that’s the indicative but you can have other moods like the subjunctive mood right the subjunctive
mood cannot be crows we can’t hear him either okay junctive optative and imperative moods
you’re back okay can you explain subjunctive yeah yeah so subjunctive look at the english
types at the bottom if we do something that’s not we are eating that’s an indicative we right
now are eating right a subjunctive would be if we eat now then we can go to the store wait wait
are we eating now? No, this is a condition. We’re just thinking. These are just thought
experiments. If something, then something else. That’s the kind of thing the subjunctive can be
used for. Let’s go to the store. Let’s go to the store. That’s not we are going to the store.
that’s a suggestion so the subjunctive mood is potential yeah it really is potential along with
the optative the optative look at the examples of the optative here right we might do something
right we could do something we should do something think about that for a minute right what does it
what does it mean to say we might do something what does it mean to say we should it’s not saying
we’re actually doing it it’s we’re still in this world of potentiality so it’s like hypothetical
almost yeah it’s very it’s very hypothetical right you’ve taken yourself out of the indicative and
put yourself into an iffy world right and finally the easiest mood for anybody to remember is the
imperative it’s just a command it’s just a command instead of saying we are eating dinner
it’s a command hey you eat dinner right that’s the imperative right so the imperatives here that
you’ll see they’re in the second person singular and plural they’re you like if you’re talking to
your kid or something hey you singular um go eat your dinner right go eat right or go there is the
command. You can do it in the plural too. Hey, group of people, go do something, right? Now,
you’re going to think that that’s the only type of imperatives that exist, but it’s not. They’ll
show you later the use of third person imperatives. Let that jackass go get it, right? Let that person
go do it that’s a command right hate you right go do it that’s a direct command indirectly let
that jackass go get that box yeah right oh god it’s like a forceful suggestion that he has to
follow up on so you get all sorts of imperatives like this don’t think that the only ones you get
are the ones they show you here because yeah we’ve got more coming okay otherwise we covered
everything on verbs i want to ask you how do you how do you feel about verbs uh pretty mind-blown
pretty good i just have to associate the patterns with the concepts correct correct
and you have to sit down and you have to say oase omanete usi present yeah right imperfect
You have to get the tenses down.
Know exactly what those innings are so you can identify
verbs. You think to yourself,
how good is this? What is this going to do
for me? I am telling you, Madalena, right from the start here,
you need to understand when you get into a Greek sentence and you
get lost which you will yeah because you’re waiting for order and you’re not getting it
when you’re in that great sentence you will start to go numb in your brain until you come across
the verb yeah as soon as you hit the verb you can figure out exactly what the majority of the
sentence is doing right there with just that verb so i tell all my students i tell them all and
half of them don’t believe me until it gets demonstrated when you are translating if you
are confused stop what you’re doing you’re spinning your wheels stop what you’re doing
and go to the verb identify the verb and translate the verb just like you and i did
and you’re going to get the sentence it’s going to start up again cool okay good good good i want
to take you to the bible real quick in the middle of all of this chewy give me john give me bible
hub john one one please this is something it’s in the book but it’s around page 150 or something
when they start using text but i’ll just pull it up here
make it blow it up big so she can see it boom okay now madalena i just told you we just
looked at verbs right i’m gonna tell you where the verbs are in this sentence see the ain here
yeah ain here the third word in that’s a verb ain here again that’s a verb you say what i meant
those don’t look a damn thing like any verb that i just saw here’s another one here at the end
ain those are the yes ain those are all the verb to be yeah okay and they are showing you a past
tense there was in our hey ain ho logos it’s just the verb to be in the beginning was the logos
mm-hmm kaiho logos ain look it’s just doing the same thing again if you know what your verbs are
and the verb here is just was something was something else in the beginning was the word
and the word was proston theon in the presence of god right okay so i wanted you to see if we
just keep going and just pick here let’s just pick something at random here this is just using the
boring verb to be a little bit if we go here look where do we find our verb here’s one right here
again at all right oh god then we’re set i’m telling you this entire sentence makes sense
around its verb or verbs right when you get multiple verbs you’re gonna those are the center
of gravity all i want you doing now is thinking analytically thinking analytically looking at a
sentence and saying damn where’s the verb where’s the verb look here it is fine i see the ending oh
that’s nice yeah that’s nice the a o s a right oh god there it is right final oh it’s beautiful
what is happening here something is shining in the darkness and what is that thing it’s
tall force dude right all of that is driven all of that is driven by the verb look here’s another
one you keep going in that verse look here’s the verb
oh god what is that it’s from kata lombano lombano lepsomai elabon this is an heiress and it’s a
goofy heiress too look at what they look at what they did yeah lovin right look at what they did
they put the look at it’s supposed to be kata plus lombano kata lombano is the verb but look
what you can do you can take that prefix and the end of it you can turn you can put your epsilon
augment right there they screw you to the alpha that’s there and just turn it into an epsilon
and it’s kat elabin instead of kata elabin oh god anyway the exercise i’m trying to show you
is just analyzing a sentence based upon where it’s verbs where it’s verbs where are we gonna
What are we going to do with the verbs here?
Adelphan.
There’s one.
Erchomai, eleusomai, edelphon.
Edelphon.
Right?
Mm-hmm.
Oh, God.
Is that a second aorist?
It is.
Oh, shit.
On, es, e, omen, ete.
On.
It’s going to have goofy-looking endings now.
Yeah.
Right?
You haven’t learned the second aorist yet.
It’s coming up, though.
Oh, God.
Right, but notice what I’m doing.
All I’m doing is working with verbs.
Okay.
going sentence by sentence working with verbs okay take it down i beat her over the head with
that enough okay all right so you can see look we’ve had two units and i want to get to a few
more exercises before we go okay but you can see we’ve had two units and what you have to do is
there’s a certain amount you have to have memorized certain endings you’re going to get endings and
believe me for the first seven, eight units, memorization is awful. Okay. It’s all, it’s a
whole bunch. After that things drop off. You’re not memorizing so much because you have patterns
set in your head, right? Now you needed a little extra workout with the, with the articles. So I
want you to go to page i want you to go to page 28 should we bring that up on page 28 and i want
you to look at this with me madeline please look at it directly masculine feminine and neuter look
at that we got our nominative singular there and genitive dative accusative then we got the
non-native plural. Everything’s lined up. Look at the masculine column. Hoi tu toi ton. Plural.
Hoi ton tois tus. Nice. Hoi tu toi ton. Hoi ton tois tus. Hoi tu toi ton. Hoi ton tois tus. Now
you do it. Start reading it. And then when you don’t need to read it anymore, just take your
eye off the words and say it notice that the neuter genitive and dative look just like the
masculine yeah both in the singular and the plural they’re gonna look just like the masculine so
if you want to think about it that neuter is only different by its nominative and accusative which
are always the same thing all right so it’s if you for that for memory aid right is all there
those are your endings you also needed me to check spot check your declensions of your nouns
so go to page boom start on page let’s do second declension first second declension first i want
you to go look at page 26 look at the word adelphos adelphos right adelphos adelpho go ahead
You finish it off.
Yeah, forget the vocative, but keep going.
Oh, yeah, yeah.
Good.
And you notice those endings are exactly the same as the article.
Look at the plurals there.
Oy, on, ois, oos.
Just the same thing as those articles.
Good.
Good. Jump over to Doron, the gift.
Give me Doron, the paradigm now. Just read those off.
Doron, Doru, Doroi, Doron, Dora, Doron, Dorois, Dora.
Good. Now focus on the accent.
Okay. So it’s Doron, Doru, Doroi, Doron, Doron.
Doron, oh wait, sorry, Dora, Doron, Doris, and Dora.
Good, good, right?
Just like the Explorer, right?
Fantastic, fantastic, right?
You’re reviewing those, you’re looking at those,
trying to figure out what those endings are
and how you can recognize them.
Now go to page 23.
i’m gonna give you that ada the feminine first declension nouns ending in ada first with tech
nay please hit the accents on the first try go ahead so with the ada uh but tech nay so um
right am i doing this right or no finish and then i’ll correct okay
okay every voice in your head should recognize you are starting to get tired
right no i’m serious i’m serious you’re starting to get tired and you’re you’re going back to
thanking you’re thanking your way through it right don’t let me say them for you let me say
him for you and then i want you to say him again okay ready tech nay tech nice tech nay tech name
okay tech nay tech non tech nice tech nos go ahead okay you do it all right tech nay tech
techneis, technei, technei, technon, technei, technon, techneis, technas.
The nominative plural is technai.
It’s an I.
Technai.
All right.
Good, good, good, good, good.
Okay.
Now, revert to the alpha in the first declension.
You get hora.
Hora.
Horas.
Horai.
Horan, horai, horon, horais, horas.
Go for it.
Hora, horas, horai, horan, horai, horon, horais, horas.
Beautiful.
Beautiful.
Fantastic.
Okay.
Now, final exam for the evening.
Jump to the exercises that are on page…
Brain scrambled.
scrambled yes we’re almost no it’s only so much greek you can take anyway before overload sets in
um go to page 60 okay i’m already there 60 fantastic and i want you to look at just take
the last one 23 okay and i want you to say um first of all find the verb can you find a verb
been here somewhere uh pimping okay that’s a very good good that’s your infinitive to say right
yeah is there another verb in here good look how fast look at how fast you got that good
just uh identify for me um it’s a third person singular and uh future good so translate it how
would you translate that um oh uh they they oh shoot singular make it third singular third
singular okay not they we we no no no no no he’s sheer it he’s sheer it is third singular oh um
so it’s why okay because you’re exhausted at the end of your workout that’s why
okay so third person is um is not they right third person singular okay is he she or it
good so it destroys uh what does it mean to destroy oh my sorry i’m
in our brains yes no it’s to order so order okay yeah okay um so it it commands it will
yeah it’s a future though right it’s a future so it will good be commanding good it will be
commanding he she or it will be commanding right yeah beautiful and it’s gonna command somebody to
do something right right okay so that’s why you get that infinitive in there that’s why you get
that infinitive now all of the other words in that sentence you can piece together yeah they’re just
nouns that have been stacked up in the nominative genitive dative or accusative cases yeah all you
have to do is understand how that verb is working if you can translate that verb you can translate
the whole sentence sometimes sometimes when i’m reading galen he’s real highfalutin in his style
and he’ll have seven eight lines and then the main verb at the end of the sentence it’ll be
like the last word in the sentence because he wants you to concentrate on it so i’ve had to
hold my breath all six sentences. I don’t know what the hell’s going on. I’m just getting nouns
and adjectives and adverbs. I don’t know what the hell’s going on until I get to that verb at the
end. And when I translate that, everything, all of those little other things that I was juggling,
they’ll fall into place. So, so a great professor once told me, he said, don’t, um, don’t try to
translate don’t start to try to translate a sentence until you’ve read every word of it
yeah so you get to the end because it’s not going to come together otherwise nice good okay you’ve
done an excellent job tonight what i want you to do tomorrow i want you to read unit three
study the unit three vocabulary okay and realize that it’s just the completion of the tenses we’re
just going to complete the tenses that’s most of what you’re getting in the chat in that chapter
you can just casually read it just try to understand it you’re going to notice this is
a phenomenon you’re going to notice that you will start learning more of each chapter because you’re
becoming used to all the technical terms that are being used yeah so you’re going to understand 90
percent of this one as opposed to your 80 of last one so um because you’re getting all that basic
terminology down you don’t realize that i’m teaching you that but you are it’s part of the
process so keep it up keep it up and please please relax as you read it and say this you know it’s
only gonna be five days this week right yeah it’s great it’s like mind-blowing you know how do you
feel overall give me some feedback how you feel i feel um enlightened in a way um and like like
my brain is swelling yeah good good good oh god i love it okay and notice that you want the bible
right you want that so notice tonight we jumped into the bible not in the way that you think and
i didn’t just say hey translate this but just in a way to identify where are the verbs yeah
scholars don’t do this this is not how they learn yeah so it’s very important that you recognize
you’re getting that broader foundation that’s being laid next time that we come i’m going to
start off the session with a translation something wonderful something complex and
something involving the physics of the cosmos now when you and why am i doing that because i can
drown you as a student the more morphology you learn the more you’ll be questioning why am i
learning this morphology it’s really bothering me right is that all is that all greek is is a
bunch of different endings and i have to memorize them so what i have to do every once in a while
is bring you something that will give you that aha moment and you’ll be like oh that’s why we’re
bothering to do all this morphology so we can get the goodies like that so i’ll bring that eye
opening thing to start with i don’t want to quiz you on vocabulary but i do want you to start
studying the vocabulary from Unit 3, okay?
Okay, cool.
Okay.
Cool.
All right.
All right.
It’s very nice.
I think the setup’s good with what you’ve got.
And let me know any questions, you know, in the meantime.
I’ll see you tomorrow in class.
Sounds good.
Thank you.
Good.
Good night, voices of the brain.
Good night.
Good night, Amin.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Source: Lady Babylon