Descriptions:
Video Description
The eighth lesson centers on the middle voice and on a word at the center of the whole project. Ammon Hillman works through the middle voice as the form where an action is done for the subject’s own advantage: thuo (θύω), to sacrifice, becomes a consultation of the gods when the smoke is inhaled, and peitho (πείθω), to persuade, becomes obey when turned to the middle. The point is that Greek divides every action by who gains from it, a distinction English does not bother to mark.
From there the hour opens the entry for soter (σωτήρ), savior, and shows that it already belonged to Greek gods before the New Testament: saving from disease, guiding, and protecting. It points out the feminine soteira (σώτειρα), a protecting goddess, and connects the title to Themis, Artemis, Tyche, and Kore, the queen of the underworld, placing the idea of a savior centuries ahead of its Christian use. The lesson also touches the weird verb leipo (λείπω), to leave behind, whose second aorist looks like an imperfect.
The end of the session introduces Lycophron’s Alexandra, the famously difficult prophecy of Cassandra, and a Byzantine commentary that preserves a lost story: Telemachus, the son of Odysseus, had an affair with Circe’s daughter and was killed by her after he murdered Circe. The homework turns it into practice, asking the student to finish the review and name the kinds of conditionals before the next exam, because mixed and relative conditionals are the next thing Greek refuses to keep simple.
Full Video Transcript
All right, are you there, Madalena?
I’m here.
Are you shocked I’m on time?
Oh, my God.
Oh, yeah?
No, I’m not.
Well, it’s two minutes past air, Ammon.
Nah, wizard time.
All right.
All right.
You know what we did today?
We looked at the middle voice.
That’s the big thing that we did for today.
But you did some translations.
I did.
i want to look at your perfect your perfection of mother greek please oh okay
where’d they go nothing like jumping in there jumping in there right from the start
where did our what page are those on uh 188 i think i did the right ones earlier uh-huh all
right all right now i’m going to shut up and let you just do some reading and translation
okay so 456 um the the old men are twice children perfect perfect why don’t you read it in greek
just so we can hear it oh sorry these days very nice yeah those old those old kids are twice
children yeah does that make sense kind of yeah it makes sense like um uh behavioral wise yeah
okay fantastic good good good okay 348 what do you think of that one um i thought that one was um
was okay um yeah so so far so 456 456 you thought was easy or did it take you a while to figure that
out i mean it was fairly easy because there’s only four words but i mean it took a a minute
for me to do 782. i’m still not like quite sure on that one but um the first two were
fairly easy i i mean i read about the the toy um in the chapter too so okay okay good good
okay good so let’s hear what you got for 348. okay totes to his toy metapolas
chance taste to his um chance uh changes yeah so you know changes what yeah i don’t know uh it was
hard because i was like confused about no that’s okay just take it just go a little bit slower
there’s something goofy up here at the front just the definite article the tall the tall and then
followed by a genitive taste of the soul so it’s saying the thing of the soul yeah oh this is how
yeah always with the thing yeah the thing this is how the soul okay yeah the the deal of the soul
is that okay it has metapolis polas many changes yeah yeah so the way the soul works that’s really
what they do when they put that definite article on there it’s a neuter it’s just by itself
it’s either the way of something or the the thing of the matter is right to pragma is sometimes
a lot of people say that tall is from the top pragma and pragma just means a happening or an
event you know there’s the thing top pragmatist yes the thing about the thing about chance is
okay it has polos metapolis it has many changes many changes okay that makes sense i i thought
a hey was cling to or to be next oh wait so that was that’s just with genitive then
yeah it’s just this echo is just to hold or possess and while you’re there looking at it
look at the future you can have a hex so all of a sudden you get a rough breathing
or you can have a skeso which doesn’t look anything like hexo right but nevertheless yeah
you’ve got a future now this verb they give you an aorist eschon but um you’re gonna find that
it’s mostly in the present mostly in the present like here it’s ek it’s just a present right um
because it’s just the verb to have so yeah okay okay okay good yeah chance has many changes yeah
good how about 782 what’d you do with that iatros don’t you like that word iatros what is that
doctor yeah right so your iatrogenic diseases are the ones that are caused by the doctor
himself isn’t it go ahead uh yeah yeah okay good uh so i wrote um the word
is being a is with yeah with esteem um is being a doctor for humanity’s evil yeah yeah good good
right it kind of makes sense doesn’t it does it make sense to you yeah easy and then you do that
wonderfully good keep going and then um that oh that alone otos monos if he has right to yeah have
has um relief for the soul yeah is the relief of the soul yeah that’s the only sort of relief that
you’re gonna get is that logos right okay whatever the menander you’re so you’re so dark you know
just the way the way is now look what you did that’s four lines of greek you just read it you
got it uh you got it squared away you didn’t have any major problems um how long did that take you
you probably like 30 40 minutes 30 40 minutes my god you’re flying that’s fantastic right
no that’s fantastic that’s you know people should see that okay look at that that’s real greek and
you are reading it right so god good now this one at the bottom from aeschylus i didn’t tell
to read it but i just want you to look at it okay amen god el pac simon idea yeah oh by the way i’m
getting my i’m getting my new uh cable and my internet installed and it’ll be a landline so
i won’t have any i won’t have any satellite interruptions after tomorrow i shouldn’t
we’ll see we’ll see what happens we’ll see right that’s cool so here here’s aeschylus
yeah yeah yeah amen god el prox simon what does that prox simon look like
from the verb brato brato broxo
is the third principle part so yeah it’s definitely fair
yeah there you go there you go it’s definitely an heiress okay yeah and yes
looks so optative doesn’t it yes is it there is third plural yeah uh is it i me ice i third plural
i mean i say i’m in i’m in yes that would be uh first plural yeah first plural there you go
there you go and look it’s got an a and a gar in it right amen
okay let’s use this let’s use this entire class as a way of bringing escalus to life
this is Aeschylus right what is the look at that proximate and these uses of the
optative can we go to i want to go to the new optatives that we’ve got on okay on page first
one there wins boom i almost beat you there it is okay 174 174 look we’ve got an optative in that
let’s just let’s just start playing with the optatives that they’ve given us we’ve got new
ones for this chapter we’ve got new ones for this chapter and i just want you to look just like you
can have a subjunctive that’s independent right you can also have an octave optative that is your
main verb right it uses your main yeah and they give us a couple of types here the optative of
wish which has that a god yeah yeah a god yeah yeah an independent optative oh can i turn that
off i’m going to turn that phone off an independent optative without any introductory word or
introduced by a god or atha expresses the speaker’s wish hope or prayer now i know that’s a
lot like the hortatory subjunctive may we go do something right yeah right let’s go let’s go do
something. Hortatory. Let’s go do something. It’s very similar to this. Look how they translate
this. Powerment in machen, right? May we stop the battle. May we stop the battle, right? If only
we may stop the battle, or I wish that we may stop the battle. Look at how they’re trying to,
they’re really trying to focus on the fact that it’s a wish. It’s slightly different from the
subjunctive right slightly different it’s truly wishing yeah it’s like trying to invoke trying to
invoke this thing right because we want to stop the battle so power women may we stop yeah may
we stop the battle okay and then it’s got a may as a negative right may they not free the bad people
right? Egar me luce in tus cacos. Good. Okay. We’ve got that one, the optative of the wish,
and we’ve got the potential, potential optative. And this one’s weird. Just look at the bottom
line and see that it can be translated as may, might, could, would. And you’re going to say,
wait a minute, how do you know the situation? Just remember, it’s trying to create the idea
of potentiality so on their example on 175 pow oi men pow oi men on ten mahen we may might could
would stop the battle right oh god so that’s like the same go ahead same ending as what we were
looking at right we’ve got a we’ve got an optative here and we have an a god don’t we have an a god
here yeah notice they say the easiest way of distinguishing the optative of wish from the
potential optative is the presence or absence of the particle on the potential optative will
always have on the optative of wish will never have it oh god so demanding with their
you know with their ways okay there’s that was two optatives i just wanted before we do
the vocab. Before you do the vocab, I just wanted you to see, look, when it comes to the twists and
gymnastics of what we’re going to do in this unit, they’re going to give us another kind of
independent use of the subjunctive slash optatives. Here it’s the optatives. So you’re going to get
these sprinkled in every once in a while. Now there’s a whole bunch of grammar other than that,
but I want you to go to the vocabulary and I want you just to read it, read it to me and just,
i want you to read the word the entry the whole entry in greek and then i want just want you to
tell me what it means in english like like i’m sitting to you listening to you learn your
vocabulary okay i suppose a school ugly shameful i lost another or other anaya without did i say
that right yeah i know i know notice that it takes a genitive it takes a genitive you gotta
have a genitive with it so without something in the genitive good drama gramatos letter
of the alphabet plural refers to documents yeah isn’t that nice so in the singular it can be a
letter it can be a letter or in the plural it can be you know something that’s written right it’s a
bunch of whole bunch of letters um good grammar from our grandma right good yeah graph a graphics
indictment look at how they jump look at how they jump from something simple like a letter to all
of a sudden now what is a writing it’s an you know what kind of writing is this graph because that’s
the root that we’re using in these it well it’s an indictment like something really specific right
your graphe is your indictment oh god yeah i’m telling you um greek made that the legal world
um possible right okay sorry keep going delos daily day long clear visible
Adelos, adelon, unclear, uncertain.
Egar, as a particle, introduces optative wish.
Ese, as a particle, introduces optative wish.
Eke, as an adverb, meaning there, in that place.
Ekenos, ekeni, eke, sorry.
Ekenos, ekeni, ekeno, that.
Yeah, notice with the word ekenos, the adverb right above it, right, is just the first part of it, right?
You’ve just added nos, ne, na to it, right?
And it means that, so eke by itself.
It’s still like you’re pointing to something that, but it’s a place there, in that place, yeah.
Yeah.
Good.
Hegemon, hegemon, hegemonos leader, hegemonos leader, klepto, klepso, eclipsa, keklopsa, keklopha, keklemai, eklapain.
good it’s pretty good don’t be a klepto right yeah uh notice notice how notice how that fourth
principle part that you um noticed was a phi and not a c notice that switch we’re having that switch
again so it’s not you know this the first principle part has the p and the tau right
those transform with the sigma into the psi right so okay um what about the keklofa not only can
you have that transformation but with a rough breathing or some puff of wind it’ll the p tau
will turn into a fee so yeah it’s it’s uh you know it’s kind of uh patterns a lot of whole
whole bunch of different patterns. Anyway, go ahead. What’s a kleptase? Kleptase, kleptum,
thief, klepe, klepes, theft. Good. Now notice, don’t let that, let’s not miss that lesson.
Kleptase with an epsilon is the one who’s doing the action of the klepto. So kleptase,
one who does it so a thief clope when you just change the vowel and put a first declension noun
ending on it all of a sudden you’ve got the act itself theft yeah so switching a vowel takes you
from the one who does it to the thing that it is all right notice how the vowels just tune when
that moron when that moron on danny jones said deval’s um matter he’s not he’s he’s working
outside of the greek roots he’s got too much of that stupid that stupid crap jammed in his head
from the fucking germans doing the indo-european crap and he’s not paying attention to the fact
that this is the same root clapped and clop or the same fucking root okay right right so okay
anywho well lepo what is do lepo
to leave behind yeah good notice that the third principle part is edgy what the hell’s going on
that doesn’t fit our pattern it should be something like a leap saw or something like that
what’s what’s going on with the ending why does it have an own on the ending that looks that looks
imperfect not aorist well it’s something called a second aorist yeah it’s got these imperfect
looking endings right it doesn’t look like an aorist yet it is an aorist so second aorists
are going to bother us we’re going to have to pay attention when we get them good keep going
Un post-positive particle for then or therefore.
Poema, poematos, poem.
Retor, retoros, public speaker.
Retorique, retoriques, rhetoric.
Soy, soy yo.
So, so.
Eso, sa.
Se, so, ca.
good and i want you to notice that you said the you pronounce the iota subscript on the front
of the the first uh principal part soysdo and this is the i think this is one of the arguments
that you have to hear that right so yeah watch what’s when that’s exactly right i i like this
one because i think this word shows that you have to you have to hear that yoda subscript
but look at the zeta in the first principle part look what happens to it in the second
it softens into a sigma right and when it does the yoda is lost so there’s some good stuff going on
here look at the aorist eso sa that looks pretty aoristic to me right yes but when you get to the
perfect sesoka that’s that’s fine i’m good with that um seso smi in the fifth principal part or
seso mi so look there’s an extra sigma that creeps in there we’re bringing sigmas so sometimes all
this is doing is saying look there’s two six principal parts sometimes it has the sigma
sometimes it doesn’t right again these are just all complications because if we have to identify
these words in order to translate them you know we got to know look there are variants like this
right oh god it seems like so many so many rules to learn look underneath it though that that verb
to save and we get a word that for you is very important for the bible fuck all the voices in
your head this is the one for you so tear so tear us all right look at that oh god now look at this
that’s what jesus is right there and look the concept is already an attic greek centuries
before jesus comes it’s not new right it has very specific meanings that it developed over time so
i just want you to take a take a gander at that if you plug so this is the one that we’ll plug in for
our search um tell me if you can see tell me now this is going to pack your brain but i want you
to read through this and just tell me what what the hell is the savior deliverer and preserver
from disease of a philosopher guide epithet of zeus disease to whom a person is a sacrifice
notice it’s a lot of zeus so tear right so and we got to remember that when they say zeus we think
of the greek male god zeus they didn’t they thought of god in general zeus just like you
would think of zeus pothead right like this is the father god of the group so this father god this
general god can be a soter that’s an epithet notice which kind of gods can be which epithets
and all of a sudden you get kind of a better picture of what they’re doing yeah because under
b you’re going to see it’s an epithet of apollo and hermes and asclepius apollo and hermes and
an asclepius that’s all those people associated with the caduceus at least right is there like
is there anything all those gods do yeah there is they’re all them they’re all the conveyor of the
power of the serpent look underneath that you’ve got two hey third line from the bottom in that
paragraph b you’ve got two hey so tab two hey so tab isn’t that nice and what do they say that’s
for that’s for soltera wait a minute there’s a feminine there’s a feminine form of this yes
yes there’s a feminine form there’s a female savior oh my god oh my god i want to click on
that one let’s see what the look at the victorian short shorted it just a little bit but look so
terra right now they’re going to say feminine of soter well um this could be the original and
And so ter could be the type that was added.
Frequently is an epithet, let me show you what I mean,
of a protecting goddess, Tisha.
That’s the old Dorian Tuche.
We’re talking primordial divinities here.
Look at, after that, Themis.
Themis, right?
We know, what is Themis?
She’s in that earliest line of oracles, baby.
you can’t you can’t have her artemis artemis rea okay once you get to rea you should and artemis
yeah and cora cora too who is the queen of the underworld once you get to there you should say
okay i’m i’m as far back as it goes and i can tell this because look what the athenians are doing at
eleusis with their worship this is the divinity that they’re worshiping there so it’s a protecting
goddess that goes back all the way to um the quora the queen of hell herself the one we invoke every
year to lose us to rise from the dead the resurrection divinity okay so now you know
what a savior is oh and look number two is just coincidental it’s also an antidote
right so notice that is a specific drug your savior is a at least one that they had a specific
name for they called it the savior right and not just a masculine savior but a feminine savior
i would say there’s far more evidence that the savior is feminine um if you look in the
the first savior because if you look in the if anybody ever asks you about that um just tell
them look in the orphic hymns and look at how these goddesses who were part of this mystery
that they are the original saviors anyway this is you know this is 600 700 years before jesus
so this this stuff has already been well established yeah yeah yeah isn’t it nice to
be a protecting goddess isn’t it nice to look a protecting goddess what what is that right like
even athena is up there it’s gorgeous aristophanes and the frogs here when you’re talking about
demeter so if you didn’t think it was part of the mystery you’re totally off now if you’re a
christian and you’re just reading sotera or sotir in a christian text you’re not going to understand
right you’re not gonna have any of this background right yeah yeah fantastic okay let’s go back to
the text oh let’s do this real quick are you look at this look at this text that we’re talking about
can you see all this greek on your yeah green oh god i’m loving this where’s my pager i want
the next page over has a bunch of oh i went way too far you gotta love this though
oh look here’s alexander why are they talking about the dioscorides and alexander and the
hilaria and phoebus apollo oh god who’s phoebe’s daughters oh people phoebe’s daughters are all
look who are the gods this is you’re going to be reading these a lot here the hoi the old school
boy you you just saw that they were associated with the um with the uh savior the title of
savior right so every time we read about them you’re going to notice certain things about them
and you’re going to notice things about other gods that also have that also have characteristics
right um that also have epithets right oh god oh god i’m looking for look here’s cadmus let me see
i’m looking for epithets as we do this right that’s all look look look look how far did i
have to go right who this isn’t yeah this isn’t really an epithet but this is the zeus who is
the Soter. This is him right here. And I just want you to notice, I just want you to notice
Atha. Look at this. We’ve got some wishing going on. Look at this. Where are we? Look at the where
are we? Iona, right? I’m telling you, you’re going to develop a technical vocabulary. A technical
vocabulary. Can you take me back to the book? A technical vocabulary that is going to reach
into these texts. Who the hell was that that was changing? That was John Tsitsis, right? That’s all.
And he’s a Byzantine. He’s one of those guys that that moron… Here, bring me up. Let me just bring
it myself. John is one of those scolias that that moron that I’m waiting to shred. I’m waiting to
kill him. This is the one thing in my life that I have done. I’ve come to this moment just for this
mortal combat. For the sake of Mother Greek. And this is the kind of stuff that he was dismissing.
so that greek text that i just showed you is a commentary of a byzantine and when i say byzantine
that’s just a period and it’s the way the language is going to right the byzantine greek is what’s
dominating the world so that byzantine greek is it takes on its own flavors and it has its own
ins and outs and there’s a whole bunch of scholars who try to elevate the language and this dude is
one of them and it is john cc’s and he is writing a commentary on the most difficult ancient work
there is everybody knows this it’s not new it’s called lycophron’s alexandra and it talks about
how um it is the it doesn’t talk about anything it is the prophetic voice of cassandra it’s the
voice of the young girl who was the prophet who was abducted by the asshole agamemnon taken back
and killed in Greece by the Dracaena. So her prophecy is laid out. It’s like this work is,
it purports to be a song of hers, of Cassandra’s. So what she is doing in the song is so confusing
to all of us, that it requires men hours and hours and hours of commentaries to explain what
is this word. You will have two lines, and you’ll have three or four words that she is making up
there in her song. Now, some people will say, well, this is like a frond, and he is actually
inventing this, and other people will say, wait a minute, this is written at the time that the
museum is at its peak and these scholars like like a frond they have access to all of these books
right so they are just taking from these older sources so like a frond then is doing something
where her prophetic song becomes so complex none of us can read it none of us can read it i’m
telling you you need a commentary with it so in antiquity there were many people that wrote
commentaries of lycophron because it was so infamously difficult wow that’s awesome so that
thing that you and i were just looking at is one of those commentaries and in it today i just found
i never knew this i never knew this i just found it today he says telemachus if i could take you
back to that narrative. We can just translate together. It’s gorgeous. Telemachus, the son of
Odysseus, right? Nobody’s going to know this but you and me, right? Telemachus, the son of Odysseus,
had an affair with the daughter of Circe. Telemachus murdered Circe for what she did
to Odysseus so um Circe’s daughter who had the affair with him she then killed him she then
killed Telemachus so it’s explaining it’s explaining how the death of the son of Achilles
took place and everything right um and it’s attributing it and now and he’s telling us this
from ancient sources he’s not making this up right this is what’s so valuable about the
they are reading documents that we no longer have access to so it’s it’s a huge like treasure of
information sometime in the past they thought that telemachus was murdered after he murdered
cersei it’s very strange isn’t it yeah that is really interesting but the ladies win in the end
because they murder because um they killed him right so huzzah right wow yeah um okay let me
give you your break i’m gonna um tonight i want to do until 30 minutes after and in the meantime
um what i’d like for you to be doing is to be preparing um vocabulary from all
seven could you just review for me the vocabulary from all seven units and we will have an exam
coming up okay so i mean we need to take another one already can you believe that
okay let me give you some time off what i want you to hit is vocabulary i’m going to come back
and i’m going to hit you on your vocab okay all right cool okay see you see you
hey madelaine i’m sorry to interrupt guys i’m sorry to interrupt can somebody get madelaine
a message i’m at 30 minutes to study for a quiz on vocabulary so we’ll meet at 15 15 after and
it’s all the vocabulary that she’s had can somebody get her that message fantastic thanks
we’re on it we’re on it we’re on it all right thank you cruz all right all right madelaine
we need to do a little quick vocabulary quiz just to keep you on your toes make sure you’re
assimilating all of this so hang on i want you to share it uh now go ahead okay so just check
out your screen yeah and tell me what that bottom second to or the bottom word is horos
what is that horos chorus good chorus fantastic how about above that haris haritos what kind of
noun is that um it’s uh grace good yeah i’m just i’m just asking what for meanings how about
fulox above that fulox fula but it’s a line of battle right well you’re look you’re thinking
of phalanx phalanx this is oh from the verb mulatto remember what fullato oh yes uh uh guard
right a guard fantastic what is on this page what is sophia oh wisdom good and a pragma what is a
pragma is that a letter it’s a thing it’s a thing they give you deed or a fair um and then thing
i think it’s easy it’s just to remember pragma as a thing a thing good how about this noun here
on the page nukes in the middle nukes nukedos night night good how about um the verb coluo
Kluwo is to hinder right good do loss what’s a do loss at the BS it’s a slave
right it is a slave good do lost to lose a slave and if you do low oh you act the
slave you know good how about some what is a no me here at the top no me it says
opinion right yeah some kind of judgment some kind of thinking process that you got going on in your
thinking bag get on get on that’s an old dude right yeah yeah okay good good just hang on
sit there with me we’re just doing this the old-fashioned wave oh god this is low-tech
right this is low tech how about the the verb blopto what is that it hurt or harm good right
to strike how about gay gay good and you know what thanatos is yes good and the hippos a horse smear
good and here this one’s not easy king dunos what is king dunos um oh um danger
Good. Danger. And the lethos is the stone, right?
How about here at the bottom?
Now, notice you’re going through an exercise by having to jump back and forth to the Greek, right?
So look at the verb at the bottom, patho. What does that mean?
Patho.
Right, the second.
Yeah, okay, okay.
Get it stuck in your head, right?
Think persuasion, right?
Yes, that root of faith, right?
yes good good good good good take seven times seven times I’m telling you here’s
that verb that you and I were talking about earlier plato proc so a plaza
right so okay to do something they’re just gonna give you a general definition
of do or fair okay fine what is the what’s macros versus micros what’s the
difference macros is uh tall large and microus is small good good good good good fantastic let’s do
one more chapter i just want to make sure because as we’re going into the exam um you’re going to
have to have all of this vocabulary because that’s all they make the reviews and the practice and the
exams on is this vocabulary so let’s do this one more chapter as a quiz notice that you’re doing
really really well right you’re not missing stuff okay what’s something that’s agathos agathos
good good good good axios axios what does that mean that’s an adjective if you’re oxy what are
you worthy worthy exactly what is an archa okay um um is that beginning ruler or empire right
it can be it’s also the it’s also the start of everything right it’s that yeah good it has to
do with both beginning something and rulership so it’s kind of like okay um uh gaffura i hate
this word what is it um oh uh this one always trips me up it’s um is it bridge yes it is good
Good. And the verb didasko. What am I doing if I didasko you?
Hate.
Good. And under that’s my favorite, the word DK. What is DK?
Just. Justice.
Justice. Perfect. Okay. Now, all that tells me of what we just did is that you have been studying your vocabulary, so I’m not going to waste any more time on that.
so but i want you to know um the speed at which you’re going to memorize vocabulary is good
because we are about to come up on the unit exam so um it’s gonna be really oh let’s do a couple
of these okay wait no that’s you all right i can try unit 10 come on tell me to get bent
okay here we go right oh god what page we’re on like 180 i want to go to the oh god find the
how did i get there go it’s not funny don’t laugh go back to the okay unit 70 there’s the
page i want i want to start off with this chart madalena okay on page it’s a little ways in it’s
the end of the middle voice section it’s on page 168 go to 168 at the bottom where it gives you
the summary of the middle voice right the easiest way to remember the middle voice is not to read
the pages that preceded this because they’ll give you you know it’s a really detailed description of
subject verb and object and how that works okay fine then they give you a little summary
and give you examples of the active voice verbs that you’ve gotten and then their middle voice
what does their middle voice sound like so i think that’s the easiest way to learn them is
just looking at the examples here so arjo and it takes the genitive means to rule when it’s
the active voice i rule over somebody in the genitive i rule over those people and they’re
in the genitive case what the middle voice takes the genitive as well but it means to begin
yeah so when you rule something for yourself for your own advantage you are starting something
that’s how that’s how they’re thinking okay that doesn’t help me a lot with middle voice right
look at the second one grafo to write what does it mean to write when in the middle when you write
for yourself look at the last definition they give indict all right when you cause somebody
to be written for your own advantage you are indicting someone yeah yeah okay it’s a cross
of it’s a cross of straight up just grammar and law right it’s it’s really neat okay didasco and
the active is to teach didaskomai cause somebody else to be taught all right so you’re teaching or
you’re causing somebody to be taught you’re educating right okay what about sacrificing
well you sacrifice in the active look what happens in the middle you cause a sacrifice to be made
okay that still to me sounds like thuo right when i say thuo you know i sacrifice it still
It sounds exactly like I caused the sacrifice to be made.
That’s bullshit.
That’s the same thing.
What’s the real middle voice nuance that we want?
Well, it means to consult the gods.
Oh, okay.
To consult the gods.
I mean, think about this.
Those are two totally different translations.
When I go from active to middle, I can really screw up my translation if I don’t realize what the verb is doing.
Here, it has to do with a consultation of the gods.
Why?
Because you are burning substances that you are inhaling.
You are doing it for yourself.
You are consulting the gods.
When you smoke a substance, a drug, you’re entering into a state of consultation with the invisible demons, right?
So that’s why Thuo is the middle voice.
Does that make sense?
Or that’s how it’s used in the middle?
Yeah, it makes sense.
Okay.
Okay, fantastic.
Luo, to free, right?
Or luo mai, to cause someone to be freed or to ransom, right?
So you’re really doing this for yourself.
You’re bringing back someone.
You’re ransoming.
Pai deo, teach or educate, right?
Cause somebody to teach or to be educated, to be taught or educated.
Pao, to stop.
Or pao mai, cease.
Look at the intransitive form.
cease i cease right when you stop someone including yourself you are transitively acting
so transitive you’re going to act on something else intransitive you’re not going to act on
anything you’re just going to be doing it for yourself so when you stop oneself that’s an
transitive process when you cease from doing something that’s an intransitive because you’re
not acting on anything does that make sense yeah it’s the difference between transitive you’re
going to see those two terms transitive and intransitive if you just think of it this way
if you’re transitive you’re going to have a direct object right okay good here’s patho to persuade
now watch what happens it becomes obey in the middle voice patho my i obey yeah it’s kind of
that’s i don’t know it’s kind of neat for some reason it takes a dative notice that it takes
sedative you are obedient to someone or something yeah you you obey yeah kind of neat tato oh god
to drop an order it really should be taso but whatever tato my i fall into order of battle
all right i order for my own sake so i’m getting an order in battle you can guard something in the
active. Look in the middle. I am on guard against. I’m doing it for myself. Basically,
when you see those middle endings, and you’re going to say, wait a minute, they look passive
too. When you see those middle passive endings, that’s what they’re going to call them from now
on in the book, middle passive endings. When you see those, you’ve got to shift to the perspective
of the subject of the verb. Switch to that thing’s perspective and realize that thing
is doing it for itself. Now, why were the Greeks so interested in the fact that you can do an
action on somebody else, you can have an action done on you, or you can do something for your
own advantage why divide the world up because your entire greek verb world is divided up into
those three groups so as you’re translating you’re going to be noticing exactly how much
the focus becomes the speaker or the person doing the verb right the subject of the verb i should
say you’re gonna know so you’re gonna be like why why is there so much subject all of these
particles that we’ve got, all of these particles are meant to help us understand what the subject
is thinking, doing, feeling, et cetera. It’s a very unique perspective. You do not have it in
English. So it’s something that’s going to, it’s going to have to, it’s going to have to seep into
your brain. Okay. All right. Does that all, is that all good with the middle? You feel okay?
it looks like a passive yeah yeah let’s just let me just do a little bit of the morphology
before we just before we just uh abandon it right let’s see here you go look at these forms
right here this is the future middle right future middle pi deo so my pi deo say pi deo sati it’s
It’s just the my-sai-tai-metha-sta-un-tai endings.
And what does it mean when we say paidel-som-etha?
We will educate with our own advantage in mind.
For ourselves, yeah.
Isn’t that weird?
Like, why?
Why not just say we educate someone?
because the greek wants you to know that the action of a verb can confer an advantage or a
disadvantage that is what the middle is all about it’s telling you the disadvantages for
or the advantages for me good wow so there are some forms and then you know you very specific
yes yes yes what do you think of that it’s a kind of a weird way to think no
yeah yeah i mean that’s really important if you’re sitting there doing something for yourself
i think i should know if it’s for if it’s for your advantage i as a listener to your speech
should know if what you are doing is for your own advantage it’s like a weird preoccupation
with the ancient greek but they use it artistically it’s used beautifully yeah okay good
so okay look we’ve got here’s the aorist middle right amen o ato on page 166 she can still see
this right amen o ato ametha as the anto right okay that’s that looks nice middle for me i like
it what is a pie del samain that first person’s in i educated for myself right i had someone
educated for myself i did it for myself okay you’ve seen all of these and you’re such a good
student um i don’t think that you had any problems look at the subjunctive subjunctive same thing it’s
just the endings my site type but the vowels are long yeah right no problem okay so look you’re
getting all that i don’t need to beat it up like that that’s um go to this page 169 do you
understand that there is a thing called a second heiress yeah and it’s got forms it’s got forms
that are going to look unlike the actual heiress so they give you the form lepo here the verb lepo
to leave somebody behind you abandon somebody lepo is like abandoned right so lepo in the
heiress is elipon right and it it’s gonna have endings that look like this that are irregular
they look like what do they look like here the here are the active and the middle forms look
ellipon ellipest ellipet that looks like an imperfect it looks like an imperfect
ellipomen ellipete ellipon so your second heiress looks like an imperfect but it’s an heiress
so ellipon can’t be translated i was leaving someone behind i was abandoning that doesn’t
work it has to be i abandoned okay yeah and ellipomen how the hell would you translate
ellie paul main uh we uh we abandoned wait no no no it would be not oh man oh man but oh man
in the middle i was like the first person singing yeah okay oh man um it would uh i abandoned for
myself yeah what the hell does that mean right yeah leave for myself left yeah left for yourself
yeah right i guard for myself i am in guard against i abandon for myself it’s just you know
it’s with the rest of the sentence it’ll be easier but i just i want you to see that they’re not easy
it’s not like it’s it’s not always intuitive like if we just put up that word abandoned here i’m
gonna look it up in the lsj okay and let’s look at how it’s used because they will tell us the
differences in its active and middle forms they’ll tell us right lepo lepo here it is
to leave okay fine we need to quit in the old sense like to quit you’re going to leave behind
right to leave behind look but look at 2b um to spare to leave behind to spare to forsake
then in math it can be to lose or drop something i.e to have something subtracted from it
interesting so lepo in math is subtracting and when you start reading mathematical text
you got to learn all this stuff for the first time you’re like wait a minute what
so you’re leaving something behind from this number and it gets you a lesser number
right oh it’s subtraction it’s subtraction but look it can be used intransitively when you leave
something behind you are missing something it’s an intransitive use it doesn’t have an object
right i left behind my dinner in the gutter after i drank too much right i left it behind i left
behind the dinner but here you can use it where it’s this weird like amorphous well i just
something’s gone right do you see it’s a it’s it it’s really um a matter of exposing yourself to
these sources right passively passively to be abandoned right but it can also mean to like
linger wait what yeah it can be like something you’re expressing an absence but the absence has
to do with the speaker so there is a need or a necessity for something there’s lingering absence
it can go so far as to being inferior i’m inferior right yeah nice okay so the way that those verbs
work bring me back up the um textbook please i’m sorry you can go get your work done because if
i’ve got the textbook on i can let you work the bathing of the snakes oh everybody’s getting a
bath hi guys you have to keep your ball pythons hydrated when you’re living in a dry climate you
know yeah because they they need the water they need the one oh do you want no we’ll get it all
here they just they just ate so he’s not gonna he’s not gonna wanna be too active and i don’t
want to jostle make it puke or anything okay let’s let’s go to here’s the aorist subjunctive
you saw those same thing got the long vowels no problem okay um let’s go to the next grammar just
to get you there’s two there’s charts on here that they put on sideways oh yes yeah and it’s the
believe i believe it’s the principal parts yeah it’s all the principal parts of the verb and it
tells you everything that that principal part can do right so okay that’s nice it’s nice for you to
come back to this and look at it and say you don’t need to memorize this you don’t need to try to
it’s just showing you look at all the different types of verb stuff that you can get you know
like out of that first principle part you get the present active middle and passive the subjunctive
present active middle and passive the optative active middle passive right so you okay yeah
it’s got an infinitive two right you’ve got it’s got an imperfect right and then you look at the
future the second one oh it’s only got the future indicative right so okay yeah kind of at a
distance you can see what everything can do that’s not bad okay you’re smarter than i am so you’re
You’re going to get that stuff quick.
We’ve got the optative of wish and the potential optative.
If we see an on, we’re going to know it’s a potential optative.
If we see an agar, then we have to ask ourselves,
could it be this wishing optative that we’ve got?
Yeah, okay.
Before we go on to the demonstratives,
because that and those mixed conditionals are really the two biggies
that we have to finish go to the end of the chapter where the quote is of escalus now yeah
and i want us to consider i want us to try to translate this thing it is on page 188
now i see an a and a gar but i also see proc simon is some kind of aorist optative right
so i’ve got a plus an optative there i’ve got a plus an optative i really could just have a
conditional i don’t have to have some kind of weird you know this is not a this is doesn’t
have to be a wishing right this can be just a conditional so but look the second half
that doesn’t look like any other it doesn’t even have a verb um there’s a phenomenon
Yeah, there’s a phenomenon that’s going on that you have can mix conditionals.
You can take the parodicis off of one and add a command or something different to the
apodicis and get your sentence.
So everything is not as clean as I made out to you before.
So I want you to be flexible with this one.
I want you to treat it like a conditional.
I want you to treat it like a conditional.
and i want you to say okay we’ve got an a plus an optative if there’s a verb to be it would be
in the present in that other one so let’s just try to work it out let’s see what you can do with this
right yeah um so proximate so it would be uh is it uh is it is it second second heiress or is it
which one yeah yeah it’s just an heiress optative oh okay so uh so that is um to do or fair so that
would be uh we so which conditional would this be for a protesis a plus the optative
we could have uh we could have on page 97 we could have a future less vivid the should would
the should would or we could have a past general right it would be the did did so what do we need
in the the hypothesis we don’t have even have a verb there if if this were a future less vivid
we would have to have an optative plus an on now that’s too much for an invisible verb to be because
that’s all we’ve got is an invisible verb to be you can’t kick it into the say well it’s actually
an unoptative or subjunctive with an on no no you can’t do that you just have to say there’s an
invisible verb so in that past in that past general that’s an a plus an optative followed
by an imperfect you could have an imperfect verb to be here or you could have a present verb to be
so how are we going to translate this that’s a did did right right if we did anything well
if we did anything well yeah yeah if we did anything well it it was the itf it was the
cause of the gods it was the responsibility they’re the ones who actually ended up doing it
right oh god it’s a right what is this thing is it a perfect conditional no it’s a conditional
that’s been screwed with right and it’s not showing all of this yeah right so yeah this is
the way greek is gonna work and you’re gonna have to you’re gonna have to be flexible yourself or
you know we’re gonna get we’re gonna get pinched yeah it’s not a wish it’s still got that a god
but it’s not a wish right so we have to play with it and see what kind of structure right
we’re dealing yeah okay okay i was trying to figure out what wish where’s the wish
is it making is it making its way into the brain oh yeah yeah okay go to the exercises on page 186
before we get before we get to the demonstratives look at number one please number one okay and you
see the so there is a nice optative right yeah right and it’s a main so
Thomas’s the unto ending so it’s going to be that middle passive looking in
middle passive yeah so we have to pay attention we have to pay attention to this one right we
have to see what’s going on okay so so a plus an optative yeah okay wait but i don’t see i don’t
see any sort of all i see after that is a purpose clause right wait a minute is this we’re mixing
things up we’re doing something right so see how the only reason i’m bringing you to this is just
from a basis of analysis when you’re looking at something to analyze the greek the first thing
you’re looking for is structure and if you look at this sentence you’re going to see some okay well
it could be that a could be the conditional or it could be part of that oh that wishing thing
right so if i don’t see an apodosis here instead i see a purpose clause um i’m gonna try here don’t
watch out sweetie i’m gonna try to and you gotta take him i’m gonna try it first as maybe an
independent subjunct uh independent optative let me see if it works as an independent of optative
and so then i try it okay maybe it’s maybe it’s a wish if only for the night and day these good
guardians would guard us well sorry would guard the thieves well hoss in order that
may klepsos and they may not steal to orgulion the silver to dame of the people yes right so
look, it works there. It works there as that wishing subjunctive. I mean that wishing
optative, right? Optative of wish. So as you’re examining sentences to translate, don’t be afraid
to say, okay, this one, it didn’t work out as a conditional. I tried it, didn’t work out. So I’m
going to try it this way. Okay. What you’re going to find, and this is what comes out in the
appendix, is that there are all sorts of substitutions that can be made. There’s all
sorts of mixed conditionals and substitutions the language is very flexible and the only reason we
taught you that that the chart that’s on page 97 is to give you a general idea of what can happen
what is possible okay all right let’s go to finish up the grammar real quick and then i’m going to
give us a break and we’ll do some exercises um if you’ve got time okay let’s okay uh adverbs
We’ll start with adverbs on page 178.
Adverbs.
Most adjectives form adverbs by adding the ending omega sigma, right?
What does it say, though?
It says you have to use the stem.
You’ve got to drop the ending off the genitive singular.
That’s what you’ve got to do.
And then you add the omega sigma.
So axios, the adjective for worthy, if you want to say you’re doing something worthily or with worthiness, then you create axios, axios with that omega.
Kakos, kake kakon means bad, something is bad.
Chop off the ending and add omega sigma, badly.
You just basically are turning your adjective into an adverb.
Notice adverbs and omega sigma accented on the ultima always have a circumflex.
See, these things are easy to spot when they have that final accent because they’re always circumflex.
Okay, that was simple to understand.
Now I want to go to the thing that’s not so simple.
This is on page 176.
Conditional sentences with relative prodices.
So you notice I’ve just been screaming about how you can take these conditionals, you can mix them.
Okay, this is one thing you can do. You can take the protesis, the if clause, and you can turn it into a relative, a relative, right? You create a relative protesis. Let’s just look at the example. Look at the first one they give you at the bottom.
under a future more vivid conditional sentence with a relative parodicist? Look at it.
Instead of your eon plus your optative, you’re going to have a relative plus, I mean, your eon
plus your subjunctive. Instead of having your eon plus your subjunctive, you’re going to have
a form of the relative plus on plus a subjunctive. So the example they give you is hon, on,
estenason
pimpomen. How do you just
translate that much? Pimpomen.
We’re sending somebody.
Hon. Whomever
we send
to the island
ekenos.
That person, paidel
thesitai, will be educated.
Now, look at the hypothesis. It’s still
got a future, just like the future more
vivids do in their hypothesis.
But instead of that eon
plus a subjunctive you have just substituted a relative pronoun so instead of saying if somebody
does something then they will do something you’re saying whoever does something will do something
does that make sense okay whomever we send and the reason it’s whom ever there is notice the
hawn in the greek is in the accusative case it’s in the accusative case so you know it’s acting as
the object it’s the thing that we are sending whomever we send does is that clear we’re sending
whomever now in order to really let this sink in i’m going to continue with the other examples of
conditionals with with substituted prophecies but what i want you to do is i want you to go back to
the relative pronoun in six and i want i want you to look at its forms because if you don’t know
these for the exam it’s going to screw you in like really bad ways let me show you what i mean
if you get the page before i do this 142 43 142 143 i know i know what’s it oh nope nope there
it is okay fantastic look at that chart hoss who hoy hon and recognize again that that is the
nominative genitive dative and accusative the nominative would be whoever does something
whoever goes to the store will get a prize right that is one of these substituted future more
vivids okay now with the genitive you can do the same thing right um yeah um technically it’s
who’s ever right so who’s ever brother this is gets a prize we’ll get a prize right who’s ever
right the person that this belongs to the dative two or four whom okay can also be by whom yeah
right to whomever this was written they will blah blah blah right and then the accusative
hon whomever was blank blank blank that person good i just want you to notice that right if it’s
a feminine you’re if it’s a feminine you’re going to be using a hey the article has to agree it has
to agree with its antecedent in number and gender and then its case is determined by whatever it
does good again just look at that example in english underneath to reinforce agathos
hoss see the hoss there that’s the nominative yeah right who egg raps and he’s going to be doing
the the verb who wrote good the man is good who wrote the book yeah good fantastic fantastic it
gets okay now back to our back to our examples okay now as i’m going back you tell me how this
is these mixed conditionals are sinking in is that is that pretty good for you it does yeah
god you’re so fast how okay well that’s makes things easy go right now
okay seven eight seven right now i want you to skip ahead since you are getting it i don’t want
to hold you back and i want you to go to before we even look at the sentences in the book i want
you to go to the review okay which is which is on page 189 is it no 190 91 yeah 191 ish yeah
okay okay notice in the review i want i’m going to jump to the sentence but notice in the review
they say this is a type of you know exercise for each of the following nouns provide the proper
form of the article oh yes okay so here you’re matching you’re matching those articles with
your nouns and so what is it doing it’s forcing you to say um look number 14 musai right what
case is that well it’s nominative plural right so fantastic what’s that nominative plural
article right oh god right put it up there give it to me right so that this is something that
works well on exams, but not on an exam like we’re giving. But I want you to know that that’s the
kind of thing that you should be doing, right? That’s the kind of thing you should be able to
do that. So I just want you to know that. Be aware of it. Look at number two, translate
indicatives and infinitives. Look, all they’re giving us is a whole bunch of different types
of verbs. That’s it. A whole bunch of different types of verbs. Look at number four,
klepsosyn. Oh, God. Right? What do I have to do? Identify the first principle part. It’s the same
thing you and I are doing when we translate sentences. You’re just finding, you’re identifying
the verb. Keclephos, is that from klepto? If you forget that’s from klepto, you’re screwed.
Right? Well, it’s got a repetition of its first consonant. So I’m going to guess
that it is a perfect yeah it turns out it’s perfect right right oh god ah say i’m an ate
ah see right it’s an ah so it’s that second okay anyway all i’m saying is what you and i have been
drilling together from the sentences you can put on an exam and make people do okay go to section
three translation look at that first sentence and look at the parentheses underneath it i want you
to find the deliberative subjunctive that is there do you see a deliberative subjunctive as
you read it read it out loud and then tell me yeah you get what’s going on uh seriously
that’s that a nail that takes the gender that means without
good good what what do we do with the thusomitha um oh i have to go back to that because i need
a refresher on the um on the deliberative um yeah think of it as a question notice that it’s got a
question on yeah you don’t need to yeah you’re right so are we to sacrifice sacrifice uh the
to the yeah to the are we to sacrifice to the gods without goats yeah without the goats yeah
yeah are we going to enter into a state of communication through sacrifice with gods if
we don’t have goats right look at the message there and how that middle passive ending is
working right right okay good good good good what i want you to do though is i want you now to say
oh god um which chart go back in unit seven in this unit show me where this form is
what page is it on if i’m if i’m new to the class and i’m like wait where can i find this form
give me a page uh it’s a 166 166 okay away from the old man catch up here we go here we go i’ve
still got vim and vicar even though i’m aged uh okay is it is it in one no what is it one more
there we go okay people look at the form here look at the form here and tell me you see the
ometh on the end you see that middle passive form you see the middle passive form but what’s going
on with the ending it’s being attached to the part that will tell you whether it is middle or
passive because remember the third principle part is the aorist active in middle the sixth
principal part is the aorist passive. So is paideos the sixth principal part or the third?
Let me see if I can remember. Paideo, paideoso, epaideosa, pepaideoca, pepaideomai, epaideothane.
So it doesn’t have the passive stem. So it must be middle. That’s how you’re going to be telling
the differences between the middles and the passives right because notice that notice that
you can have a present passive without switching the stem right but you cannot have an eris passive
without switching the stem you can’t have a perfect passive without switching the stem right
that that it turns from the fourth to the fifth principle part for the perfects if you’re going
the passive so it’s always that stem when you’re in the woods with the what the hell is this a
middle or a passive right so what do i want you to do i want you to translate that one as a middle
let’s go back to the exercise okay where’d it go yeah 191 yep oh god it’s a ways 191 i hate using
the flippy you know the only reason i’m using the text and uh the digital text is because for this
chapter my both of my current texts are have a hole apparently something happened yeah right
right so here’s your deliberative subjunctive theos de fusometha anel aigon are we to sacrifice
for our own benefit are we to enter that’s why i said earlier are we to enter into the
to enter into the visual into are we to enter into a state of communication with the gods that’s
really what theos de thosomatha means right yeah and because the person the editors because the
editor here is overly biblically influenced culturally they put on their icon they put
goats there right they shouldn’t have done that they right because you are not entering into the
communion with the goat. The living sacrifice is not a communion sacrifice. It’s a sacrifice
to acknowledge a giving up of something in order to get something from the God,
right? That’s totally different from entering into communication with the God.
If I’m going to sit there and suck up the smoke and talk to God, I don’t need blood, right?
Yeah. So it’s a real it’s a real to shed that blood is to show that you are giving up your yielding a soul. Right. So if I want to talk to the dead, if I want to go through a necromantic ritual or I want to invoke some magic, it may demand a life sacrifice in order to make the operation work.
But if I am just communing with the gods, i.e. prayer, right, then I’m going to be involved in sacrificing those plants, the botanicals mostly.
Okay, okay, anyway, fantastic.
Look at number two, and I just want you to look in the parentheses first before you even look at the Greek.
What are they giving us here?
They’re giving us a future-less vivid conditional sentence.
okay what do i remember about future less vivid it’s the a plus the optative optative plus on
and its translation formula is should would so this should be a should would sentence okay fine
what else does it say in the parentheses it says we’ve got an enclitic yeah right it’s the get that
just means the enclitic just means it’s joining to the word that comes before it you say a
right i mean come on seriously that’s not a big deal then it says neuter plural subject
with singular verb you’ve got a neuter plural subject with a singular verb so the neuter plural
subject is on the bottom line at ta somata ta somata that’s neuter plural and it can be a
it can be a nominative or an accusative so i’m going to assume it’s the nominative
the bodies of good people that’s what taton agathon somata do you see that
uh-huh yeah okay then our singular verb is tafeye yeah yeah you see how that’s an
optative third singular right good and so there we go we got no problems we got a plural subject
that’s neuter and it can take a singular verb no problem finally in the parentheses the last thing
is a genitive of the personal agent kakon kakon that’s a personal agent so we’re going to expect
the passive right and that’s what we get in tafea isn’t tafea passive right what is tafea oh holy
uh terrible yeah what is that what is it wait a minute didn’t we just have a vocabulary quiz
look at page 99 look at page 99 in the middle of the page very middle of the page
we look at the verb thopto thopto thopso ethopso and then look it doesn’t have a perfect
there’s no perfect but it’s got a perfect passive isn’t that weird and then etafain
and then etafain is its aorist passive so if you look at tafea here it’s from it’s from that
sixth principle part right wow okay right so you can figure out that’s a that’s an optative
an aristoptative plus on so this is a real future less vivid conditional a should would
if these free people should guard the slaves the bodies of good men would be buried by the evil
evil yeah the evil people assumed right because yeah whatever okay it’s a should would okay
yeah that’s what’s most important okay now i’m going to give you number five number five
go down to it and i want you to teach it to me tell me tell me what it’s got in it and how you’re
going to translate it and take your time um optative of wish uh data with and generic
substantive so I’m just going to look at the verb and then it’s to lay on delay
delay women may do they women twist may so so voice and how are we going to be
enslaved and it’s I already know that it’s so look at the optative of wish
part of it yeah you know you know that verb is an optative of wish how do we translate those
optatives of wish if you need to jump back and and look at the example in english how they
translate these yeah yeah so i’m i’m i might be in enslaved make it sound like a wish make it
I wish if I, if I, like, I don’t know.
Yeah.
May we not something or.
May we not.
I wish we wouldn’t do something, right?
It’s a, it’s a, it, the optative here is just showing you that the person who’s expressing
this is doing it as a wish.
May we not.
Oh God, if only we don’t.
You can use if only for these two, right?
If only we don’t serve, what?
Tois meso fois.
If only we aren’t servants to what?
Wisdom?
To the meso fois.
To the meso fois.
To the unwise?
To the, yeah, to the unwise.
There you go.
There you go.
Perfect.
May we not be servants to the unwise, right?
Right.
Okay, now number seven, before stopping to think about it, right?
this tell me tell me really quick i don’t this time don’t look at nominal sentence don’t worry
date of a personal agent you don’t need to do it you don’t need to look at any of that look at it
tell me where’s the verb of this where’s the verb of this thing if go ahead
pepautai is a verb right a verb
is it an invisible b in there there’s yes good there’s an invisible verb that’s the main verb
and the hoy the hoy is just a relative clause right yeah it’s just a relative clause so your
main sentence is agathos akenos horator and there’s a verb to be in there and the subject
is
that good speaker
almost
how about
that speaker is good
I guess I didn’t look at the
at the
ending on
that speaker is good
who
to or for whom
to or for whom
does that look like a perfect
sense to you it looks like a perfect tense to me pow time yeah let’s see uh yeah maybe a perfect
yeah it is it is uh yeah it is a perfect passive with a third um yeah third singular right so good
it’d be um oh uh two who’s did you say to who’s speaking is that how two two or four whom when
you see a dative relative pronoun translated as two or four whom okay uh the two or four whom
um has been has been good has stopped good the battle yes for whom the battle has been stopped
stopped okay yes isn’t that nice right yeah the mache is still the subject of its claws the battle
pep out ties its verb has been stopped and two or four whom when you translate the relative
pronoun when you translate it in the nominative it’s who when you translate it in the genitive
it’s who’s w-h-o-s-e when you translate it in the dative it’s to or for whom always and when you
translate it in the accusative it’s whom right because it’s the object of whatever the verb is
it’s just practice with these relative pronouns that are going to really that’s going to really
um stick with us okay i want you it’s 9 20 it’s 9 20. i want you to take a 10 minute break and
then i just want you back for 15 minutes can i do that okay yeah okay okay okay take a mental break
get your mind off the game um i’ll see you at 30 for 10 minutes i’ll see you at 30 after okay okay
ready yeah fantastic i just want you to see with these conditional sentences if you go back to page
176 and you look at the bottom of that page and you look at future more vivids and you see the
substitution just look at the just look at the greek hone on ace t nason we did this whomever
we send to the island right that person paido face of time will be educated okay that was our
future more vivid turn across the page to your future less vivid look at the just the greek
starting at hon este nason pimpoyman whomever we should send whomever we should send you’ve
change to your future less vivid so it’s got to be a should would all right i just want you to
realize all of the all of the types of conditionals that we have looked at that you have the main
chart for on page 97 it’s that architecture from page 97 that you’ll be building on and i know i’ve
said i’ve said that but i i need to keep hammering it in because for all of these conditionals
that’s what you’ll be doing you will be the first thing you’ll do is you’ll say uh-huh
this is a conditional with a substituted protesis we have a relative in the protesis
so i’m going to determine what kind of conditional this is ah it’s a future less vivid a plus
optative optative plus on therefore i’m going to translate it that way i just wanted to kind of
repeat that to you to get to get you to set that in your brain okay um this is what we’re going to
do for tomorrow we’ll have the test for the first 45 minutes or so then we’ll stop we’ll stop after
45 minutes and i’ll give you a 20 minute break and you’ll come back and then we’ll go on to the
next unit so um it’s a lot look we did half of the review you know not even that because we did
short sentences i’m afraid you’re getting shorted just a little bit but what i’m pleased that
is that you’re able to keep up with both the vocabulary and the translation all the translation
we did today, including the actual Greek that you did, was fantastic, okay? All we have to do
is get you to practice these structures so that we can certify you having been able to pass
this section of the exam. That’s all we have to do. I’m really worried because you’re
assimilating the stuff so quickly that i know that you’re i can’t you i’m starting to lose
the ability to use what we’re doing because you’re getting depressed like normally right now
what i would do is having having gone through the chapter like that the student would now have a
whole shit ton of questions that we would need to flush out doing exercises from looking at the
exercises that you and i have just done you seem to be assimilating it all a lot faster so i’m
afraid that what we’re doing is i i just happen to get a really really good student for the intensive
course and that’s why you’re able to do this so i may have to put a caveat on it and i may have to
tell people look you know um unless you can do like madalena did so because you’re being so
successful so far i’m really impressed today that you’re you assimilate the new material and you’re
translating no problem so i want to know from you what are you doing tell me just take five ten
minutes and tell me what you’re doing in this whole process um so i’m just memorizing and being
consistent i think is the most important um aspect and then just kind of um re
enforcing the things that i don’t understand or the concepts and detaching the concepts from
the translating sometimes in order to watch what’s actually happen happening in in the grammar
so and not not getting hung up by that and also just beating myself over with vocab and the
studying the endings and and more morphology and stuff but um so what do you how do you go about
like um the next thing that you’re going to study so you know what we’re going to do tomorrow
and you know you’re going to have to go over the exam so are you just going to are you just going
gonna say okay i’m weak in something or what what do you so i need to study vocabulary i’m weak in
this so i need what’s your mental process during this whole thing just so for the future i guess i
am i am taking note of the areas that i’m extra weak at which are uh or or that i don’t have
completely memorized um and i think if we can if like i ask myself um how can i take the um
basically the the concepts and apply them and if i can feel like i can teach myself
then it makes more sense and it it becomes memorized easier and also like keeping keeping
an open mind and being like willing to be wrong and then just referring to what the charts say
and trying to um use rhythm and and music and um repetition i i think so okay okay that gives me
some things to tell think about and tell students what the successful path entails so going over
things repetition seems to be a theme that you’re that you’re yeah well also well i’ve i’ve been um
like for the for the endings the 10 like the 10s endings and and all of that i’ve i’ll record
myself saying them and put on a loop sometimes if i can’t be in the textbook so i’ll be hearing it
i’ll be hearing myself say things and remember them sometimes i’ll if i really can’t remember
something and i’m like oh man i have 30 minutes to class and i’m trying to memorize i i’ll put
it even on a beat and put it and listen to it back while i’m reading it sometimes or um you
know doing stuff around the house and maddie maddie does does he know about the songs that you
did i made my i made some songs uh but also also using movement along with this so so if i sorry
so if i don’t have songs on me like i don’t have my phone or something sometimes i’ll picture i can
visualize fairly easy so i i i can picture the word and before me and then i i can use movement
to remember and use like word associate associations and stuff so so you your process
of committing all of this data to your memory involves vocalization music um are you writing
down at all some students will write some yeah well i i write so what i what also helps
is if i can consolidate all the information on one piece of paper and then study the different areas
and on the paper to remember like oh yeah like upper left corner i remember this chart was here
and i can recite it now in my head because i can see it yeah okay okay because typically
madeline typically at this period at this point um the stuff isn’t submitting so
isn’t cementing so solidly i can tell that you’re doing something to really work the memory you’re
really doing something to get and like you said you’re talking about you use voice and you’re
using the sounds right you’re making it music um maybe that is a key maybe that holds a key
somewhere because some students get it quick and honestly i am not one of the quick learners i had
to sit down i’m one of the writers i had to sit down and write these things over and over and
over again i never talked it out to myself when i was learning it myself i just did it really quick
and then mentally thought about it so your verbal engagement may be a step up it may be something
like well i thought also if it’s a musical language that that perhaps will assist in
my process with memorizing it yes are you saying you’re smarter than me that you figured that out
i didn’t no no i did i think yeah i think you did i think you just did but i yeah but i but i think
you’re right i think you’re right and i think maybe we can attribute your quick pickup because
that’s what you’re doing right this this is a phenomenally short period of time that you’ve
picked up a lot and when i do identifications with you you’re able to pick it out at a point at a
speed that your average person is not going to be working at so i i realize i feel a little bit bad
honestly no no as you keep as you’re doing this though i want you to bear in mind that i need to
know what it is that are that is the key to your success so that i can spread that to other students
so as you’re learning it kind of i don’t know pay attention to do a little documentary in the back
your brain about how you’re learning this that’s really what i wanted to give you okay whatever
you’re doing keep doing it keep doing it it’s not going to get any harder it’s not going to get any
harder it’s just going to be more of the same thing okay yeah yeah so whatever you’re doing
please keep doing it. I want you to finish on your own. I want you to finish studying in the way
that you think will be best for the exam. If you want to do a few more sentences
before we jump into the exam tomorrow, I’m happy to do any, you know, like if you do a couple from
the exercises or a couple from the review that we didn’t do and you’re like, hey, can we do these
together, I’m perfectly happy to do that before you jump into the exam. Okay. Okay. Okay. Do not
read the next unit. All I want you doing is preparing for the, for the exam. We will worry
about the next unit after your exam. Okay. Okay. All right. Any questions for me? Um, I don’t think
so. Okay. Okay. Keep up the good work. It’s phenomenal. And tomorrow night, um, I’ll have
lady babylon wait today’s wednesday thursday or friday if i the next time i have lady babylon
if we can start um like we did last time and a half hour after that’ll give me the time that
i need okay okay we’ll be in touch we’ll be i’ll see you tomorrow sounds good see you yep thank you
Thank you, Arman.
Thank you, Madeline.
Yes.
Thanks to everyone.
Thank you.
Yes.
And Chewy.
Thank you, Chewy.
Thank you, guys.
Thank you, Madeline.
Source: Lady Babylon