Descriptions:
Video Description
The tenth lesson flips the class, and the student becomes the teacher. Madelena walks Ammon Hillman through participles, which are verbs doing the work of adjectives, as in the running man, where running describes the noun. The trick is timing: a present participle happens along with the main verb, a future participle points ahead, and an aorist participle usually comes before it, which changes how the whole line should be translated.,Then the lesson separates the two jobs a participle can do. An attributive participle sits with the article and names a person, such as the dancing woman, while a circumstantial participle sets the scene and answers when, why, or how. Those circumstances come in flavors: temporal, as in after being freed we sacrificed; concessive, as in although freed we still did not sacrifice; and causal, where the speaker asserts the reason with hate (ἅτε) or hoia (οἷα), while hos (ὡς) reports a claim the subject of the sentence makes.,The close works real Greek. They read a fragment of Solon, I grow old while always learning many things, using gerasko (γηράσκω) and didaskomenos (διδασκόμενος), then translate sentences about speakers, gifts, and bribery. The adjective pas (πᾶς) is sorted into all, every, or whole depending on the article, and the word for wine, oinos (οἶνος), is shown hiding behind oenology and the old phrase in vino veritas, in wine there is truth.
Full Video Transcript
I’m sorry I’m so late. God, that took me too long. I apologize. You there, Madalena?
I’m here.
All right. Floor is yours. I know you’re tired. I’m late. So you just do whatever you’re going to do to teach me this material. I’ve got my textbook in front of me, and I’m going to leave it to you.
Okay. Well, story time for us all. What is a participle? So page 203. We have nouns and verbs, and nouns are things, places, people, verbs are actions, and participles are verbs that act like an adjective.
they act like a descriptive word um and they they participate in both worlds um it entangles both
being and action and so um below where it says on the first page their nature is shown by the fact
they have gender number and case and they can modify and agree with nouns and pronouns so it
says there’s active middle and passive participles of present future heiress and perfect tenses
each of these has a masculine feminine and neuter so we’re going to look at um the tenses of the
the participle to look at the relationship between it and the
verb. So first is the perfect
let me interrupt for a second. Let me interrupt and ask a
question. Sure. Could you just tell me in like one sentence or
two sentences what a participle is?
Um, it’s a it’s a verb that acts like an adjective, right? So
it’s like I just like a descriptive word kind of like
or the the running man running would be describing the noun right there and it would it seems like
okay that’s what i wanted i want to make sure that you had an example in your head
or could produce an example in your head of that actual participle which is running bingo keep
going okay so the the present is continuous continuous action and it becomes the action
um and similarity to the main verb in the sentence like educating then features action with
a destination so showing what’s about to happen um it says always indicates subsequent action
um and usually expresses intent or purpose um so it’s talking about you’re about to
do something or intending to educate um so we should be concerned about the time
of this participle is it taking place at the same time as the main verb if it is it’s a present
is it taking place it’s a subsequent time then it’s the future right what about the heiress
look it says sometimes simultaneous right often prior to prior to the aorist is acting prior to
the main verb that’s i know it sounds weird like why the hell do i even need to know that because
you can’t translate these things if you don’t understand those where the participle stands in
time if you get a participle with your main verb that’s in the present know that it’s going to be
the same time future know that it’s going to be subsequent it’s going to be future right and
aorist it’s going to be most of the time time before but then sometimes it’s the same time
so you just have to tell from context yeah perfect okay sorry i’m gonna let you continue
oh no you’re good um so yeah aorist has completed action um unconcerned with timing but noting an
action has occurred um for example having come to the city um coming to the city after
uh coming to the city laughing once and for all with a laugh so um yeah below it says um yeah so
the heiress would have been at something that’s already happened so the perfect stresses the
completion of the action so but it also has an ongoing result so um it it’s almost like it has
a consequence and um yeah uh showing something that’s been done like having educated um yeah
having educated for oneself having been educated um good do you understand that i i think so
yeah good good so conceptually you understand what’s going on good okay the three the three
bold words in the next paragraph the attribute of circumstantial and supplementary that those
are the terms that we’re going to be using for participles all the time so i want you to be
you know participles are kind of an art and you kind of have to remember oh is this thing
just an attribute you know is it just describing something is it trying to communicate the
circumstances or is it just supplementing when i say circumstances i mean like
the participles will be used and galen does this a lot participles will be used to kind of preface
the verb to tell you everything that’s built up to the verb right so it’s they’re really you know
it’s it’s hard to look at this and you know anyway keep going keep going it looks like we’ve got some
uh morphology to consider huh yeah yeah so i wrote um a note about about the difference between
attributive and um circumstantial is that the the attributive uh describes a noun such as
um the sleeping dog um you know which which dog is the sleeping dog so and then the the
circumstantial would be um sleeping like the dog whimpered um or when did he went for while he
was sleeping why so it it’s more environmental and then the attributive is not it’s more
describing good the subject right um to add more context anyway good good good gorgeous you said
that better than i could so i should just get up and let you say it okay now tell me what do i have
to do with the morphology to make these participles okay so first you find the stem and all of these
have different stems um so this first one which is it’s nice that it has all of it right here
in the beginning okay nice um but so um pi day wo turns into pi day want um in the present and
And then you would kind of use the endings to add on to the stem, right?
So in present, the masculine and neuter have the stem on, but the feminine does not, kind of is identical to the third, or sorry, the…
Yes, you’re right, the third declension.
Yeah, the third declension, yeah.
you’re right so um the feminine changes changes the feminine looks to me like the second is that
right is is it yeah yeah i meant to say second and then the masculine and neuter no no you let
me throw you off no oh man they look like the first they look like the first right don’t they
look like feminine yeah noun yes it’s a signal yeah okay then so the the future
active it uses the same endings but different stem so pay pay pay oh my gosh
and then the second aorist pattern is with is yeah
okay i’m ahead of my own self um yeah and then um the second aorist is an irregular
so you see it’s a they use a different word a different um word that ends with a uh um not
oh what is it not a epsilon or it is an epsilon but um you’re good yeah so um okay so yeah the
second era is active it um also you can see how the feminine looks just like the first declension
and then the masculine neuter are um the same pretty much except for the the nominative and
the plural but um so then the perfect active participle it’s stem is from the fourth
principal part so um the patio caught yeah so i’m gonna have my fan on the background it’s way
too loud but i need it for a second oh i don’t i don’t hear it at all so you’re good um so that’s
the stem and it it’s that you should note that there’s there’s an absence it says down below
in observations on run 208 now um note the absence of the new before the tau and the masculine and
um oat c would become oc or aussie um rather and um the the feminine is declined regularly
for the middle and passive participles um they don’t have any weird stems and they decline like
regular adjectives so um so it’s similar to present with the ending by do and then you add
the masculine which is ominous and um the the feminine amine amine and uh omenon for the neuter
and the future adds the same endings but um adds the sigma to the stem and then arist middle uses
the stem paideosa and then this second errors just doesn’t use the the saw the perfect adds
the repeated prefix for the stem okay i’m gonna blow my brains out now okay i’m sorry it’s it’s
too much morphology are you joking me are you you’re you’re you’re overloading me completely
I’m sorry?
I mean, as I just, no, that’s okay.
You’re supposed to.
As I look through all the different forms, active, middle, and passive for the participles
that you’re beautifully going over the morphology for, right?
That’s exactly right.
That’s how you got to learn them, right?
It strikes me that, is there something going on here that makes this a little easier than
it that it maybe appears i mean it looks like i mean it’s the chart did you notice any did you
notice any patterns though like did you notice that like with um when you’re talking about well
it follows a pattern of a third declension noun right then you can kind of you can kind of guess
what the next form is going to be because you’ve got those basic endings down already so like
like with the ominous omine ominon endings you know those follow first and second declension
nouns so you really already have those memorized yeah so now you just have to focus on identifying
those stems really yes exactly it’s the stems that you got the big point of the stems that i
wouldn’t when you said that a few minutes ago i thought okay that was a good move that was a good
move uh that was like a good graduate student move right so good the fact that you recognize
it’s just about picking out the stem nice job okay yeah now i’m going to shut up and i’m going to say
um before you finish discussing all the more morphology okay um can you please tell me about
the words that we’ll be using this chapter i meant to ask you about those right up front
but can you go over sure vocabulary with me please yes um so 218 um
is that a very common is that a very common verb
uh i think so yes it is it’s one of the most con it’s one of the most common verbs
one of the most common verbs in greek and you’re going to be adding prefixes of all kinds to this
verb so i want you to notice how its form changes notice the og becomes an ox and that becomes an
egg then you know you you can see that you’ll augment that alpha to an ada egg
and that becomes a ha in the perfect and egg mine perfect passive a thing good okay sorry keep going
so asano astanayos asanaya um asanayon as an asinian um at the same time it could be an adverb
or a preposition in the native um hot hot hot um is a particle um noting uh assertion um it’s a
it’s a causal participle good which is a form of um the circumstantial partisan right good good
which we’ll talk about which you’ll show me how to use in a second yep yes um and then there is
There’s a few more particles in adverbs, so epêta is an adverb, means then, thereupon,
eiko, eikso, have come or be present, kaipêr, although, meitei, meitei are conjunctions,
neither nor. Hoya is another causal participle, and hoinos, hoinu, is wine, homos, nevertheless.
Ute, ute is neither nor as well, conjunctions.
By the way, what do we get from oinos, which is wine, in English? Do you know of any words
in English? What’s the study of that?
the study of wine yeah um i don’t know oinology oinology you just put an ology on the end of it
oinology and it’s study of wine love it oinos is so so common it’s all over the place anyway
sorry pas pas upon is all and every um stratos is an army right nothing big they’re host
conjunction look what they say with participle of cause or purpose not asserted by speaker of
the sentence wait a minute what oh god it’s gonna get so notice they gave you the vocabulary notes
for ago yeah why because it’s a hugely hugely common verb so yeah yeah okay okay now explain
to me how to use these participles and i’m serious so i like make it simple so i understand how to do
this all righty so the so the attributive participle is found often between a um an
article and a noun for example this sacrificing poet wherever wherever he is oh yes um 213
They used the example of a sacrificing poet. The poet was sacrificing. The poet who was sacrificing was saved. And another example could be Kureusa, the dancer, versus it being the woman who danced.
um so the attributive participle describes the noun but it’s all folded up when in english you
can unfold it to understand it’s the full extent of its meaning but in the greek it it’s all
folded up and um it can be specific or generic um so yeah don’t you love that isn’t isn’t that
gorgeous um the one she who is dancing is like literally who it is but you’ve just taken a verb
i mean that’s a verb joreo is just a dance that’s a verb dude yeah right so and then you’re taking
it and putting an ending on it that looks feminine right matches the article and all of a sudden all
of a sudden you’ve got that’s really a noun the dancer is a noun but somehow you’ve transformed
an action into a person and i think they love doing participial tricks like this okay sorry
i’ll shut up keep going the um so the circumstantial participle is one that’s not
attributed but basically it describes the circumstances of what’s happening
around the noun and it answers why when and how so attributive would describe
the noun it would limit or identify and it usually has the article but
circumstantial shows the environment it modifies the verb and it usually um does not have an
article and then on 215 um it describes different adverbs um so so the number one it’s the temporal
adverbs. They use
epita, which
is then or thereupon.
So the temporal
adverb shows something
that’s
when something is happening.
So it has to do with time
and adds time.
Read me
the examples in Greek there. I want to do
the temporal adverb in Greek.
So read me the examples and
explain to me what’s going on.
freed we then sacrifice to the gods or upon being freed we then sacrifice to the gods
after being freed we sacrifice and after we were freed we then sacrifice to the gods
so that so that participle can mean all of those things right yeah right okay it’s most literal
form yes no that is it’s most literal form lucentis is just freed something is freed right
and they’re trying to tell you well with that a pace of them we’re trying to explain the time
you know what’s going on with the time upon being freed after being freed right yeah okay
they’re a pawn yeah it’s almost like a dimmer a dimmer switch to how specific and and not you know
and condensed it is yes gorgeous i like that exactly right and they’re they’re going to be
doing this they’re going to be showing it’s like varying levels of complexity and here they want
you to know there’s a temporal thing going on and this this participle is giving you kind of the
circumstances of you know what where the main verb is right where does it say circumstantial
oh there it is circumstantial yeah these are circumstantial participles gorgeous okay keep
going i want another example with with hormones okay um so homos um means nevertheless or is used
in that way um and with the verb it is concessive which means when something happens it’s when
something happens in spite of something um so it is the type of um the type of participle
that describes an environment that then causes or creates tension so below it says it uses the
example of the saint similarly as as the temporal but um it says freed we nevertheless did not
sacrifice to the gods upon being freed we nevertheless didn’t sacrifice to the gods
although freed we nevertheless did not sacrifice to the gods and although we were freed we
nevertheless did not sacrifice to the god so you can see how it it is doing something and then
we nevertheless something you know happened we did something else so that’s homos and um
almost like i mean don’t fail to see the kind of intricate nature of the the fact that
of what the greek is doing the fact that you have like four different english expressions sitting
underneath one greek expression if you didn’t know either greek or english and you looked at this
you’d think wow that big blocky english language is not very efficient it can’t it takes them four
sentences right whereas the greek has captured all that data in one line yes you know it’s kind
of like it looks inefficient whatever that second one is it’s wasting a lot of a lot of time and
effort that little adverb homos is doing something that’s setting up a concession it’s like the greek
wants to know okay if you really want to know if there’s some kind of concession going on here
we can use it this way you know so anyway i love it anyway how about uh kai pair what was that what
does that one do kai pair um it’s although and um it means it’s it well kai pair plus a participle
means um that it’s concessive so um kai pair although indicates the person yeah okay
so it shows this thing was true but then something else happened so it’s background
um for something that happens and doesn’t prevent something else from happening so um freed and i’m
as a speaker i’m asserting that this is the cause then they sacrifice to the gods or it’s almost
like um they are proving something in a way you know they’re causing it yeah i’ve never found
anybody who can translate who can use and i as a speaker i’m asserting that this is the cause
i’ve never seen somebody translate it but that is what hate and hoya are doing with that participle
so how do you express that you that you the speaker are you know standing behind this as
fact you use a hata or a hoya to do that yeah because they were free now how do you get that
how do you get that into the translation is what i’m asking because they were free they sacrificed
to the gods like how do you fit that in there without saying something stupid and blocky like
and i as a speaker i’m mysterious this is the cause because none of that is there right no
none of that is actually there yeah so so i mean it just gives the reason for the action
um of the verb so it’s like saying for why or or for what because for why
yeah yeah because they were freed because they were freed right that’s what we all think i see
i don’t know you still you can’t really do anything to sneak that in there so as a trans
as a translator though you have to make take a note of that you know make note of that
and you you don’t want to leave off if it’s really important say the speaker here is aristotle and
aristotle is saying yeah i think this but some other bonehead thinks that right right and then
he uses a haté or a hoya, right? And he says, you know, you’ve got to recognize that’s on his
authority. So it’s not really translatable, right? A lot of things in Greek aren’t really
translatable. Chewy, can you close that? So, but you’re going to be hearing them when you translate.
When you hear the haté or the hoya, you’re going to be thinking, yeah, Aristotle, this is his
assertion right okay do you see how much detail there is in this it’s a yeah it’s just you know
it’s just amazing how about horse horses next um so horse let’s see
expresses cause or purpose um this is the cause or purpose is one given by the subject of the
sentence not when asserted on the authority of the speaker or writer so and this reason may be
either real or pretended i wrote that if you combine um hosts and the participle then the
meaning shifts from because um to or as if oh because um to as if sorry i was not understanding
um or it’s just claiming something it’s it’s subjective and not fact so it’s the um it could
be real or pretended so what the subject believes or interprets or perceives um as a reason um
according to the speaker or the subject yeah yeah explain that to me okay explain it to me
using the example now so okay so the subject of the sentence there ethos on is they right so
we’re not necessarily getting our impression we’re the speaker or the writer we’re getting
the impression of the subject here right yeah so why is that important i’m just gonna ask you why
the fuck is that important who cares who cares what the speaker or writer thinks all i care about
is that it says they sacrificed to the gods freed yeah horse freed right because they were free they
sacrificed the gods isn’t that fucking enough no it’s not because i am not seeing i am not seeing
yeah i am not seeing that the speaker is not making this assertion it’s so it’s very like uh
a sarcastic sounding you know right right good good they look at the second example they were
sent to sacrifice to the gods and then they have in parentheses as they said
right they were sent
to sacrifice. They’re turning it into a purpose clause, right? Turning it into a purpose clause.
Here’s something that was told to me that I’ll tell you now. When it comes to hos,
you should try it. Always try it as a purpose. If a purpose doesn’t work, try thus, T-H-U-S.
yeah yeah okay right thus sacrificing to the gods they were sent they were sent to the gods
to sacrifice right you try oh the purpose fits right hoss can be a whole bunch of things you’re
gonna get really you’re gonna get really uh watch watch this um well i can’t do it now but sometimes
sometime on tlg i mean on tlg god sometime on lsj i want you to look up horse and when you see that
it’s like 18 pages long okay you’re gonna be like you’re gonna be like oh okay i kind of i know that
there’s a whole neighborhood of shit that can happen when you get a horse right so now they’re
teaching you cause or purpose right since they were freed because they were freed they sacrificed
right as opposed to they were sent to sacrifice good okay yeah all right let’s take a break
they’re going to give us the negatives and then i want to start the adjectives
um pass pass upon and that’ll be it for your explanation and i know it’s late but do you
still have time to do some exercises or no uh sure okay good i don’t want to like i know your
kids are probably asleep and yeah they’re good they’re good everything’s good okay fine if you
need to get up and run and put somebody back to bed or something please feel free um i know it’s
later there okay how long of break do you want before we do adjectives and exercise um i mean
we could do like 10 minutes 10 minutes let’s do 10 minutes nine okay let’s see 55 55 i’ll be here
okay cool oh you read it you read it better than i do you should have uh you should do the vocal
recording for the for the book if they have an audio version that was fantastic you that was
you have a gorgeous voice pate thanks doc madelaine you want to continue uh sure okay
how how are you understanding all the material is it you seem like you’re acing it like you know
good well we’ll see when we get to the exercises i mean i don’t have any of them memorized or
anything yet so okay i understand the concepts and i understand like the endings and stuff
i just it’s just a lot of stuff to remember all at once so keep your keep your finger back on the
page with the circumstantial participles in case we get any of those words that are used with them
we can go flip back and say well what was it which one was it okay sorry go ahead oh yes all those
okay we were at may it’s a negative so let’s see so the negative it says use may
um for circumstantial participles uses processes of conditional sentences use may and and all
circumstantial all circumstantial participles is ooh except for conditional participles which uses
may okay i think i read that backwards but um with the circumstance oh yeah i use ooh and
conditional use may if you don’t have a negative or an adverb or um a conjunction then the only
way to tell between circumstantial participles is context so i think it says that down here so
can we do one of those negative examples with uh that they give in greek yes um so it shows the
difference between the conditional and then the circumstantial so in the negative the conditional
would be so not being harmed we are willing to send gifts since we are not harmed we are willing
to send gifts whereas the circumstantial is formulated differently so it starts with
block them block them in a way and then so we do not wish to send gifts so the focus is on
not wishing to send gifts instead of not being harmed in the conditional and that’s a lot to
remember isn’t it yeah well it’s lots of rules yeah just remember you know what remember that
ook and that may are going to switch and conditionals of course are going to are going to
bend toward may right so okay all right otherwise if you just look at that example bloptominoid
you know being hit being hit is what that means being hit you know we don’t wish we don’t want
to send any sort of gifts you know since we’re since we’re being bloptominoid you know um
You can just see that that is setting up the circumstances, right?
It’s just setting up the circumstances.
When we’re hurt, when we’re harmed, we don’t want to do things, right?
So, yeah, nice, nice.
Okay, okay, fantastic.
And you may be tempted, by the way, that Othelloman,
you may be tempted to think that that is in the past tense
because it’s got an epsilon in the front of it.
It looks like an augment.
but don’t be yeah because don’t because the verb can be either ethelo in the first principle part
or it’s just fellow some yeah some dialects use the epsilon some don’t so whatever i don’t care
it’s you know either way as long as we know it’s not a it’s not a past tense okay sorry go ahead
now these adjectives you’ve got some magic a new adjective yeah so this ad adjective is um
all every hole and it below it’ll tell the difference of how it appears um but it has
the same endings as aorist uh principle but our participle um active so the masculine and the
and the neuter stems are um new tau and the feminine has the sigma and um in the observation
and it talks about how to just take note of the accent changes and that the data for whatever
reason has no tau with long alpha and in predicate position with an article so down below the
different to distinguish between all every and whole the boss pass our upon um the adjective
has an article um in the clause right so um it says all the teachers are all the land so you see
it has ahoy or hey and um in the singular without the art the article so just pass anthropos this
means just every so every man and then the attributive it means whole so it’s hey pasta
and and focuses on the the whole or the group the entirety yeah all every or the whole it can
mean all three of those things depending on how you use it it’s usually kind of intuitive too like
you know pos anthropos right every person as opposed to all person you know you try all
person there you think no that doesn’t work right it doesn’t fit the concept so yeah good good good
and now you know the grammar of how to use it when it’s what’s the difference when it’s a predicate
you know what i mean as opposed to yeah good fantastic okay now give me your how you feel
about the entire chapter and let’s do some exercises um if we don’t find any notes were
there any good notes in here in the vocabulary notes um i mean i didn’t really read those
that much um yeah i didn’t i just skimmed through them so yeah no there might be a couple things
They told us when we did the course just to read them for your own information, but it’s not like it’s absolutely necessary.
Yeah.
Look at the note that says, Hate and Hoya.
This is on 219, about halfway down the page.
Note that Hate and Hoya, with causal participles, both indicate that the speaker is taking responsibility.
contrast this with hoss which indicates the cause or purpose is that of the subject of the sentence
or someone else important in the sentence right isn’t that weird again it’s like it’s like i still
don’t quite understand what this is doing i can’t put it into english how do you translate how do
how do you translate that okay this is indicated it’s the idea of someone else important in the
sentence it’s not the idea of the speaker i mean how are you going to relate that it’s just you
know it’s an art and you’ll see when you’re doing it you’ll see oh i can emphasize this a little bit
here or something you know just to make it work yeah oh let’s see yeah i don’t see any other notes
that really stick out right but we know that yeah cognates okay and oh they have buenos in the end
they just give you the weenum now it is uh we should have a digamma on the front of that one
i haven’t yeah let me check lsj really quick that would make sense yes let me see oh god where did
they changed their format for some reason i don’t know why i think they’re i think they’re uh i don’t
know look at this i hope you can see this what i’ve got if you got oinos on your page yeah look
for the diagamma god damn it i want to see if this is if this is uh this is some good information
though look they’ve got the in we know wetty toss in greek there like uh three quarters of the way
down that first paragraph see the in we know where he tossed the in in wine is truth um there’s the
greek phrase that that the romans are stealing it from so you if you thought in we know where he
tossed was was latin you’re full of because it was far earlier in the greek oinos
kai Allah fear they say they say wine number three did you find it where is
it number three yep there it is yeah I knew it was in there I knew it was in
there why because in the Latin look what it does it becomes weenum they took the
word and the greek digamma is the um latin v which is actually the u right which is actually
so it’s the upsilon right it looks like a v to us and that’s why people who take medieval latin
um will say in vino veritas right um because they’ll pronounce their v’s they’ll pronounce
they’re classical u’s like v’s but that’s just how you can tell somebody’s somebody’s got shite
medieval pronunciation for latin anyway um but part half of classics is latin so we have to do
we have to give it over to those people too even though they’re mostly just stealing from the greek
and we know where he tells there’s a lot of thoughts here’s some places that it’s produced
they talk about see hios here they talk about kios the island is a place that you know is
well known key and wine and all that kind of stuff thossian wine from thossios that’s another one
oh look they use the resin as a preservative with their
oh god nice see all the things that you know we ought to throw some of this at luke
which by the way i think he’s gonna he just responded he i think yeah the show pulled him
out of his pulled him out of his hole wow that’s great i think your songs are so funny that was
okay yeah do you think um oh god what yeah oh whatever he’s gonna want rules
fuck you translate the fucking greek rules for translation what what are the fucking
what fucking rules for translation could there possibly be translated that’s the fucking rule
oh my god i think it’d be fair for each of us to be able to nominate authors are you fucking
you know what he’s trying to do he’s trying to limit he’s trying to say okay
let’s talk about a couple of authors no no no we’re not talking a couple of authors we’re
gonna look at every goddamn christ thing that ever existed and to find out what the fuck a
christ thing is i don’t care if it’s in a new testament author i don’t care if it’s in goddamn
aeschylus i don’t care if it’s homer i don’t care if it’s some church father we fucking look it up
we have them i’ve got all the references boom boom boom i can just call them all up boom boom boom
fuck this guy my god what do you think madeline yeah i don’t think he knows how to do the work
the judges now he wants judges judges yeah you’re gonna need judges given your clear confidence in
your greek abilities i’m sure fuck you here’s the parameters asshole greek okay that’s all and
we’re there to talk about christing so good luck go oh god where’s the um but it’s good that he
said he’s gonna do it because i honestly i didn’t think you’d do it nice because he’s gonna get
embarrassed dog i’m telling you that it’s not easy to it’s not difficult to embarrass yourself
madalena you’ve been doing this now right and every chapter you come across new sentences
and you get a sense of you get a sense of kind of fright and terror at the new sentence because
you know there’s going to be new shit in there that they’re throwing in there to try to get you
to practice it right yeah that’s how i feel right now yeah well magnify that feeling by about a
thousand times because now you’re a phd in it and you’re gonna have to go on an international stage
and do it live with any of the authors that come up you know how fucking hard that is that’s really
really hard and he knows it that’s why he wants to limit it to certain authors and shit like that
no dummy it’s just a christ thing just whoever no oh my god okay anyway anyway he’ll get it as
he’ll get it all right now uh let’s go back to the text which i think was right here i hope you
hope you can still see my text okay and you go ahead oh i was saying i could see it
okay now explain a couple of these sentences to me please pick out a couple of these ex exercise
oh wait wait wait before we do the exercises i know you’re teaching um can we go to which one
is this that’s the anthology it’s not that exciting how about uh solon let’s do this
fragment of solon on page 229 okay read read that and tell me what it means it’s got a nice
participle in it didascomenos right yeah yeah okay um
so didask shows me that it’s um um and if you’ve forgotten by the way i forgot to tell
you i should have told you it’s like two units ago okay but if if you’ve forgotten a word
like didasco just say let’s just do this do this exercise say you’ve forgotten what didasco is
you have a dictionary a greek lexicon in the back look it up look it up and and find it so
i want to actually do this as an exercise quick first one to the page wins didasco is what we’re
looking for first one first one who gets their wins oh god it’s gonna take me forever if i don’t
do this did you get there no no no i’m gonna be here it is scott found it i got it did you damn
it oh i was so close there i’m there now okay yeah so look at what they give you at least you know
they give you all six principal parts for it that’s pretty cool then they tell you what it
means right and yeah yeah teach teach in the active taught in the passive right middle cause
someone to be taught good okay now how do we fit that in oh god damn it now we’re gonna go back to
what was that 229 i think yeah did ask oh my gosh so okay so oh my gosh is middle so long
early sixth century oh god yeah okay um give me a second i’m gonna check i’m gonna put my phone
no you’re good okay and all right where’s your main verb where’s your main verb well it’s my
main verb is get us go right no it’s not yeah your participle can’t your participle can’t be
your main verb you gotta you gotta have a nice did you ask is the main verb then no get us go
get oscar it okay um no i think she got confused you were saying i said so the the main verb is
girasco yes or it’s not oh okay yeah it is oh you were confused about what oh i’m sorry yeah
girasco is the main verb and then didascomanos is just yeah but i was trying to remember so it’s
It’s just didaskomen, which is omen, like, I’m kind of confused as to how to tell between, like, I don’t know.
So, no, that’s okay, that’s okay.
It’s didasko, the verb, right, to teach.
And this is, with the ominous ending, it’s going to be either a middle or passive.
And didasko is the present, right?
So this looks like a present stem.
with a middle passive participle ending on it.
So just use it in the present.
It’s happening because it’s in the present.
It’s happening at the same time as your main verb,
which is GERASCO.
GERASCO is also in the present, right?
Yeah.
So just translate it as a present.
GERASCO, just translate that by itself.
GERASCO.
Growing old.
Yes, it’s first person singular, right?
Yes, I’m growing old.
good and what’s happening while i’m growing old the participle is going to tell you what
he’s doing or what’s being done to him while he’s growing old he’s what didascomonos he’s
um he’s teaching himself yeah do you think that’s a middle or a passive depends if you
think that’s a middle or passive yeah that’s true um um i i thought it was uh well oh it’s
it’s passive right try it as passive try translating so i’m crying on having having been
taught or having learned yeah right in the state right now in the present i mean i’m translating
this is a perfect but in the state right now of the present get osco as i grow old right i am
learning pola always learning pola many things right many things are being taught right i’m
being taught many things yeah good good fantastic now it could also it could also be didascomenos
with the in the middle right yeah it could be in the middle putting something so putting someone
else into a place of instruction okay right um always teaching many things always causing many
things to be instructed it doesn’t quite fit so that’s why i’m not doing it yeah that way
good he’s he’s celebrating the fact that he learned as he as he gets old right yeah
all right okay fantastic um let’s do the let’s do the exercises that you want to
um focus on are you there i think i lost you yeah what i mean i think i lost you for a second
okay let’s go to the exercises okay I have no preference to which one things we could do
but um we could do like number nine looks like um interesting um number nine let’s do it do you
like that one okay read it read it to me and translate it and tell me how you’re translating
it go ahead hey us may do Leo say it do Leo says DDoS gay they top it be a cup
of gas on a point on graph omena graph omena so first I just notice the the
verbs so indeed SK and good at so Mina and then you can see that the delay
sauce is a participle and it’s negative and okay where did where did we see that
negative participle negative or negative circumstantial right okay let’s go back there
in the text go back there to the page take me the page and surround here page 216 there in the
middle and look at number six negative with all circumstantial participles is who except for those
conditional so that like the example we’ve got may block domino i just want you to see that look
our example and number nine is using the same structure as this yeah right so it’s kind of
conditional it’s kind of conditional not being harmed or if we are not harmed then so yeah it
would be conditional because it’s talking specifically about um yeah about um the
the teaching right yes good um so what is what is to low sauce let’s get that let’s get that
tamp down okay um sauce so it doesn’t work as a conditional does it i’m trying to find it i’m
i’m sorry yeah it’s hard it’s hard this one’s hard you’re having to pick it let me let me help
out a little bit let me help out a little bit before before you slip continue to slip go to
your main verb you know that do now usas isn’t participle so that’s not going to work yeah right
de doc say that’s an that’s a nice one that that’ll work is a main verb right because it’s
indicative de dosco de doc so so it’s a future oh it’s so oase a it’s a third person singular
he she or it he she or it will teach now look the tas there that’s a that’s an accusative so it looks
like it should be the object of something so try that the tas du leu sas as your participle that
is standing in the place of a noun tas those who may do leu sas those who do not serve those who
are not servants, right? He will instruct those who are not servants. He will teach them. What
will he teach them? The books. The books. What kind of books? The books. Written. Written what?
hoop agathon play a tone um by a good poet excellent in the plural by good poets
gorgeous gorgeous gorgeous gorgeous oh god there’s a kind pair oh god they they added a
No, no, no. Here, do 13. Come on, man. Do 13.
All right.
Okay.
So, is that the word for excellence? I was going to make some.
Yes, it is.
Okay.
um that is okay so it’s speaking to someone like so it’s short and it looks easy but it’s not i
want to give you a clue i want to give you a clue as you start as you start slip because you’re
going to look at it you’re going to say audite right virtue of some sort toy fine we’ll leave
that tall wait i got a definite article there well where’s what noun is going with tall um
it’s not pass on and it’s not horon right because horon is feminine it’d be tain horon it wouldn’t
be tall so what is the talk going with there well look at the soy stone that looks like the verb
soy’s dough but it looks like it’s been put in it it looks like it’s back to the imperfect without
an augment and you’re like what the hell is that no no those participles don’t have augments so
that is that is the participle that’s the principle okay so and it’s neuter because you
have tall coming before it that’s neuter it’s tall soy’s done right the saving yeah right the saving
or saving of the good um yeah good of the what country pass on quran what is possum
all yeah okay that’s the one yeah but it’s the one it’s the one that comes wait a minute
right it’s the one that comes look at it it’s it comes between the article
and it’s noun so go back up go back up to the page go back up to the page and show me
which one is it which example is it oh it’s uh um it’s the predicate position right so the
is it in the predicate no it’s not a predicate wait it’s in the attributive no it’s in the
It’s attributive. It’s between the article and it’s noun.
It is. Yeah. So that one is attributive.
And so like the whole, right?
Good. There you go.
That’s what I thought.
Did I correct you wrong? Maybe I thought you said something else.
Okay. Maybe I said something else. Okay, good.
And what do you do with the ogeron at the end of it? Ogeron?
it’s like that’s vocative right yeah so it’s saying oh man right yeah yeah hey old hey old
guy hey old guy the um the saving of the good yeah the saving of the um of the whole country
is is excellent is excellence yes
saving the whole country you could just say saving to saving the whole country is excellence
it’s virtue right old man what is that stupid old man right do okay now look at 14 though 14
takes the pot since we’re talking about pasa there we’re kind of focusing on pasta upon
um look at ponta below that one so look that’s the same exact structure as number 13 it’s the
same you’ve got an invisible verb to be and your subject is ta pepragmena right the things having
been done that’s what pepragmena does it’s a perfect participle so it’s having been somethinged
right the things having been something the things done theois now what would you do but
with the things uh okay um the things uh um the things done remember okay yeah when you have a
perfect when you have a perfect your agent will be in the dative the things having been done
by by things by gods yes um or what or what uh all all um not just not all just yes good
right panta right all of the things done by the gods are not just are not just right with an
invisible verb to be but it’s a question look those bastards they put a semicolon
so it’s right are the all are the things done by the gods not not just right nice gorgeous
gorgeous okay um and i want to do one of these okay look at number 18 okay okay no they’re
to try to really butt hump us on this one okay you i want you to go back to hate and i want you
to tell me how i want you to tell me how to use hate again because that’s what they got here all
right well flip back what page was it and just read it read it to me where am i where am i
where’s the heart i think it’s so
here it is yeah okay so hot oh yes um the speaker asserting that this is the cause
it’s the the causal saying the causes his own responsibility um so so uh it would be
paso is uh uh yeah so it’s a part of bad things yeah oh yeah yeah yeah you’re doing it you got
it doing bad things right hate hate doing bad things right so but so i don’t understand how to
do that that’s all right um yeah what is hate again how how are we translating hate you said
did you say causal yeah yeah so how do you turn this into a causal is this because oh thus
how about how about do they know do they give you because um yeah oh for the reason that right
yeah okay oh i thought that was oh yeah it is i guess for both that’s what i wrote down
yeah it’s i’m telling you that’s that’s why i’m telling you to flip back because there’s so much
information it sounds like you made it it sounds like you’ve made a cheat sheet right yeah okay
so we can use hot tape as because and we’ve got to remember i as a speaker i’m asserting that this
is the cause okay okay yeah is that okay okay so back we go what number was that i’m sorry uh 18
18 there we go so yeah i’m causing the bad things
um things i don’t know because because you’re doing so poorly because you’re doing so poorly
friends oh friends right yeah because you’re doing so poorly friends ah goldman ah goldman
what is that a goldman it looks like a some kind of subjunctive yeah what kind of what kind of
subjunctives are we gonna have there and we’re gonna have we think of your independence let’s
try a hortatory okay let’s not yeah go ahead i don’t know how the hortatories work yeah it’s
just let us you just translated this let us let us do something all right agumon let us lead but
then there’s a mate in front of it let’s not bring peace or do lelman yeah or yeah and let’s
yeah let’s not become slaves yeah enslaved to whom the evil yeah good good good right
yeah that got me took me up yeah because of your doing poorly right now assumedly i’m not
bringing this myself it’s not the assertion myself right oh god seriously i have to take
that into consideration that’s colossally stupid right no it is it’s absolutely for an english
speaker it’s too much information and i’m telling you when we translate greek when we translate
greek english speakers will leave out this information and it’s not just these it’s a lot
of the particles don’t come across in translation they absolutely you just people just don’t
um translate them okay um i just want to identify no i was gonna quote
how about number 32 i just want you to see and number 32 didas gomanoi
yeah it’s another one of the same
right participle it’s plural nominative plural right masculine so nominative plural masculine
and it’s a present stem so it’s gonna it’s gonna be taking place contemporary with the verb
yes so being taught the askomanoid being taught
what would you being taught by the good yeah by the good yeah being taught by the good oh
adelphoi oh adelphoi what do you get for that oh brothers yes being taught by the good what
Grapsista. Grapsista. Oh, it’s one. Gosh. Grapsista. It would be like you, you’re right. Grapsista. It would be. What is it? It’s from what principle part? Identify it first. It’s from grafo, right? So what principle part is this? Grafo, grapso, e grapsa.
So, it looks like a future, doesn’t it?
Yeah.
Okay, but it’s got an S, the ending on it.
It’s got an S, the ending on it, so it’s not active.
Yeah, it’s passive.
Well, it can’t be passive.
Why can’t it be passive?
Because although it has a passive-looking ending,
um the future passive as you learned right the future passive is based on the sixth principle
part yeah yeah that you add an a to sigma to and then your endings and this isn’t that so it’s got
to be a participle isn’t it no no no no it’s got it’s got to be a future middle future middle yeah
i need to memorize those better so go back wait wait no i want you to see this go back to your
chart that has your middle verbs in unit seven i told you how important this chart was
this is this is exactly what i mean it’s on page boom hang on i’ve got it right here
oh uh 168 168 god damn i don’t know or is it the 172 chart 69 and 70 blah blah no where’d you go
oh god no it’s right in the beginning is it okay um it’s that big chart here oh i got it
It’s on page 168.
You’re right, 168.
Okay, look at the grapho now.
Grapho on the active side means to write grapho my, to note down, yeah, to indict.
You could try indict, you know, something like that.
Okay, now what page is this bastard on again?
226.
226.
see how we all we always go flipping back and forth and people who get the digital version
tell me this yeah oh my god this is ridiculous
okay so you sit there and figure out how to translate that thing okay um what what number
We will call, oh, 32, oh, the page is 226.
32, I get it.
So it’d be to, or you’ll cause, you will cause to be written?
Yeah.
Or you’ll indict?
Yeah, yeah.
Okay, the speakers?
Yeah, good.
The speakers who what?
The speakers, notice the tus, after the retoras, your speakers, notice it’s tus again, so the tus, the second tus there is telling you, is going with pathomenus, the rhetoricians who, pathomenus, who are persuading, who persuade, good, who are persuaded, and it’s, yeah, by people who, by tois, agathois, may,
by people who are may agathois not good yeah exactly exactly right right oh man oh god and
what is the charge you said you will indict you indict somebody in greek on a charge of something
in the genitive that’s why that little word that’s why that little word doron is sitting there
boron it’s of the gifts of the gifts okay yeah you’re gonna indict somebody on the charge of
what is the gifts i have to do is it at all it’s it’s the charge of the gifts which is really
like you can translate that into english as bribery if you wanted to oh that makes sense
yeah you get it okay put everything down now let me see if i can get rid of this and
show you we started way too late tonight i’m sorry i don’t want to i don’t want to do that again
i don’t want to start that late again but the friday night lady babylon i think has to be
am i muted what can you hear me i can hear you oh the okay so the friday night lady babylon has to
be um i have to start that thing at seven but i don’t have to go as long as i did um so i’d like
to start earlier because you’re you’re way later than i am and i’m sure you’re tired and i’m later
it’s like one here yeah no that’s it’s it’s way late um uh so we’ll figure that out but you got
through the entire unit um and you did exercises i would like to we had one practice with
jate i would love to have maybe four more practices with caipir and horse so you can see
how those are played out if we had another two hours that’s all we would do is go through those
examples and you would feel very comfortable now with the material if we had if we had about
another two hours of practice which we don’t there’s no way we can do that in this four-week
course. So you’re going to have to do that yourself. And then tomorrow, before we continue
on or next time we meet, before we continue on with the unit, ask me questions, right? Remind me,
hey, you know, we need to do a couple more of these exercises. Can we do a couple more?
Right. Let’s do those and then jump into the next unit. Now, I don’t want you to have to teach me
this next unit. I don’t want you to have to teach me this next unit. OK, I’m going to do the
teaching because i want to give you a little break so what i want you to do is i want you to
read just do three four more just do four four more examples that have a chi pair or hoss
hoss pair one of the one of those in the sentence so that we can practice it before and then i’ll
go on to teach uh unit nine okay and trust me i know that participles is a huge unit right
participles is huge but you’re going to be practicing participles now every time we translate
they’re going to be everywhere okay so you’re going to get plenty of practice with them as
long as you’ve seen a few a half a dozen circumstantial participles you’ll know how
to use them no problem fantastic okay do you have any questions for me tonight no i think this unit
will be helpful for translating stuff in the wild and yeah understanding that better good and you
know what i’ve gotta if i had a lot more time i’d be bringing in text every time we can’t there’s
no way i can get you through the material yeah it’s it’s one thing i learned about this that
first day that we spent i was talking to other people that that no you don’t have time for that
right you don’t have time for heraclitus she has got to understand what a participle is we’ve got
to get that down so um yeah so what i’m yeah anywho i’ve gotta i’ve gotta try to cram some
in somewhere but the book is gonna be doing that you’ll notice today that we read so long
with the guy who’s i’m aging as i age i’m learning lots of things always that guy uh that’s real
greek and it’s a real person that was really significant in ancient greece so you know you’re
we’re gonna be doing more readings from the chapter so um get ready next time if you want as
you so you’ll do a few more examples from this chapter from the exercise then you go right into
the next unit you’ll read the next unit just casually read it just to get a general view of it
and this time instead of looking at the exercises i want you to go to the real greek that’s at the
end of the chapter it’s always after the vocabulary and everything is right at the end of
the chapter okay that pick one or two of those selections that you’re going to translate to me
and let’s do that because that way you’re at least reading real greek yeah okay all right good good
i’ll let you go i know it’s late there i’m sorry to keep the kids i hope i didn’t keep your kids
up or anything like that no sleeping i hope i thank you for coming on lady babylon and i hope
you have a great weekend i hope it’s restful and you get some time to yourself thank you yeah thank
you doc thank you madalena thank you nice job guys
Thank you.
Source: Lady Babylon