Descriptions:
Video Description
The twelfth lesson moves deeper into the third declension and the words that hide a letter inside. Ammon Hillman shows Madalena that aner (ἀνήρ), man, keeps a delta in the middle of its stem, that meter (μήτηρ), mother, drops its vowel as it declines, and that polis (πόλις), city, turns into poleis (πόλεις) in the plural. The lesson’s advice is simple: the genitive is where a noun’s real stem shows itself, so that is the form to memorize first.
The vocabulary section unpacks words that English borrows but flattens. Pathos (πάθος) is experience before it is suffering, and the grammarians even call the passive voice by this word, because an emotion is something that happens to you. Phusis (φύσις), nature, is traced to growth and birth, so a person’s appearance is called the completed bloom of that growth. Telos (τέλος), end, comes from telo, to finish, and the episode notes that the same root names initiation, enchantment, and the rite that brings something to completion.
The reading section then works through Sophocles and Menander. War is said to love hunting young men, and a line of Menander says winning is beautiful while overwinning, huper nikao (ὑπερνικάω), is evil, words the episode ties to Paul’s more than conquerors. The main new grammar is the accusative subject of an infinitive, seen in a sentence where the citizens sacrificing animals is what saves the cities, and the two kinds of result clause, one that states an actual result and one that only states what naturally follows.
Full Video Transcript
Madelaine, how are you doing?
Hey, pretty good. I’m making a cup of tea real quick.
Fantastic. Take your time. Did you get a chance to look at Sophocles or Menander?
I did. I looked at both of those. I did not attempt that long passage, but it was Aristotle.
yeah but i i tried to work out some of the sophocles um i didn’t really have a conclusion
but i worked with it a little bit good good and it you know the aristotle is so
note-like that it becomes kind of i think you know you’ve got to be exposed to some aristotle but
um yeah i recommend you read the metaphysics on your own and figure out whether or not you
like aristotle for the metaphysics and if you do start reading him in greek and then you’ll realize
oh god this stuff is terrible um because it’s so it’s so note like um i really don’t i’m not a big
fan of aristotle he writes like he’s taking notes so which is why people say oh he probably was
he probably was these are students who were writing down his lectures and whatnot
okay yeah yeah okay well why don’t we do this let’s we’re gonna get through one unit tonight
we’re gonna get through unit 10 and you’re working hard let’s start with the vocab let’s go to the
vocab okay please regale me with some vocab from chapter 10 this is page 272. all right oh oh
you’re still fixing t i’m sorry i would oh no no i temporarily forgot i’ll grab my drink okay have
my drink um let’s see all right what kind of tea do you drink um i’m i was gonna drink some green
tea keep me up it’s good for you isn’t it yeah it’s like anti-inflammatory or something yeah
i usually have ginger tea um in the evenings so nice nice nice whenever you’re ready okay
good good notice the difference between the first and second principal parts on yellow versus on
yellow with that accent on the end and only one Lambda um yeah just take just bare note that’s
all I just want you to take a note of that because that’s okay you can differentiate those by that
Okay. Yeah. Okay.
yeah nice nice notice notice no please finish I interrupt oh think worthy of uh think it right
expect yeah to deem something worthy of something yeah good notice in there one above anir and andros
notice that that root that’s in the genitive is Alpha Nu Delta row yeah so we went from from Alpha
new row because those are the consonants right to alpha new delta row so we can have a delta
just sitting there hiding in the root that you don’t even know of so this is one of those i just
want to you know i want to hit those because you know it’s important for you to be building those
roots anyway yeah keep going please apo away from basileus basileus king genos genus race kind
you can eugenis eugenis well born and noble what is something that is well born alive
yeah you’re gonna you’re gonna notice that a lot of these words you’re given a definition like
well-born or noble and yeah yeah that’ll sometimes work but um as the more greek you read the more
you’ll realize you know these words will take on a slightly different fate flavor to them yeah
right okay good eugenic oh god don’t tell me that’s there right yes it is anywho keep going
with the verb de loo de loo okay de loo de lo so e de le e de e de lo sa good de de lo ka
de de lo mai e de lo same to make clearer show good and you’re beginning to hear the patterns
for the six principal parts and they’re beginning to click perfect perfect who is demos thinness
demos thin is the most the needs yeah he’s a retor do you remember what a retor is a speaker
good good um x x out of thoroughly um you diamond you die you you diamond you diamond
fortunate wealthy or happy good and notice that el daimon and el daimon are an adjective right
that’s describing somebody who’s fortunate wealthy or happy or literally having a good demon
yeah do you have a good demon yeah i do yeah you could some days you got a an el daimon and some
days you got a caco diamond you know sometimes it’s a bad demon i think i’m pretty good good
demon today as well nice yeah good so i know it’s silly to emphasize that but realize that this is
the word for god right so how is your disposition today well i’m i’m good godling all right so i
just want you to think about that. It’s not exactly what you would be thinking about how
you are doing, how you’re bearing today. Are you bearing with a good God? Okay, anyway, keep going.
who’s the daughter sugater sugatros daughter um here is here is here here hey os priest
hierophant in english right it’s somebody who’s a hero you see that here on the front that’s the
the priest or holy horseman and then the second was
Kalo. Kalo, yeah. Ekalesva. Kekleika. Kekleimai. Eklesin. Eklesin.
Good to call or to summon somebody, right? You know. Yeah. Good.
and notice that it doesn’t have a fifth or sixth principle part so what does that tell you when a
verb doesn’t have a fifth or sixth it means it doesn’t have that perfect passive and it doesn’t
that heiress passive so it may not just have passives all together right minnow to remain
how do you how do you be remained i was remained right it doesn’t it doesn’t work so that’s why
that’s why we’re not getting those passive principal parts for minnow because you really
can’t use it that way good how about may tear what’s a mayhem mother and what’s the stem of
mother is it new tau row is that what it is yeah mu tau row because we’re dropping the vowels
yeah right what are the dorians called mate here they call her matar you like that yeah that’s
great yeah with alphas your aidas they put alphas there right okay fine i don’t care um
notice the root is the mutile row look at the genitive that’s where you get it from the
genitive good mother nomos numo custom or law pathos pathos experience suffering yeah can we
look can we look that one up pathological yeah pathological good what uh what do you think it
it what you think it really means i don’t know i wonder do you have it on your screen is it up
there i see it yeah experience oh yeah uh calamity i see a little oh wait sorry i’m a little zoomed
in here okay that which happens to a person is an incident accident this incident took place
so kind of just an experience right but then look at look at roman numeral number two okay so we get
that it can be an experience a good or bad experience but look at number two it’s an
emotion how is an experience the same thing as emotion oh yeah um i mean it is an emotion is
an experience yeah so yeah to excite passion but we don’t look at it that way we don’t we’re not
looking as an emotion uh we’re not looking at an emotion as a thing that is an experience when you
say emotion but for some reason they are and i think the real really to understand this word
if you look at number four and i know it’s silly but the grammarians always seem always seem to put
it like the most scientifically a modification in form now here the grammarians are talking about
words yeah a modification in form okay so in syntax that’s a modified construction
look at b passivity itself that’s this is how they were referred to passive forms in language so like
we have the verb and we were talking about you can have an active middle or passive right well
they’re active is pathos that’s how they refer to their i mean they’re passive they refer to
their passive form as pathos or experience it’s happening to you your emotion is happening to you
right we do not look at emotions the same way we do not look at them experientially and we do not
looked at them as a form of passive you know receiving or receiving something yeah okay so
if our basic assumptions can be questioned like what is an emotion right then we’ve got a real
problem so we’ll set it in the greek as the grammarian said it as the reception of some
some action the the emotion the experience of the emotion okay pathos I love that
now let’s keep going with the vocab okay
father police
It’s poleo, poleos, city, pote, when, pote, at some time, ever.
Notice that just by switching the accent, right, you go from pote, just in general, you know, we’re saying question-wise, you know, when.
But when you switch that, you know, accent to the end of the word, all of a sudden it just becomes some random time, right?
Socrates, Socrates, Socrates, Sophron, Sophron, prudent or temperate, telos, telus, end or power.
Yes, and we get the verb telotao. That’s the source. We derive telos from telotao. Most of
these are coming from the verb the verb is the original that’s why in the lsj or alice they’ll
put the verb in parentheses after the word that you’re looking for right they’ll put the verb
that it came from there um so tell our town notice that they say to finish something yeah or to die
yeah let’s look up let’s look up the verb and i’m gonna choose this one boom to let oh this is a nice
contract form of the root to leo and i want you to see it okay okay here it is and they’re going
to give us a whole bunch of examples of different cases you know that it’s i mean the different
forms that it’s going to carry tenses and whatnot cases my god man i should be whipped for that um
look at number two to fulfill one’s word number three to grant in full to work out huh i’m just
trying to get a feeling of what this tell tell root means to bring to an end to finish to finish
something now look at number two to pay what one owes or what is due to pay what is due not just to
pay anything but to pay something that is due okay all right yeah look at number three
initiate in the mysteries oh very nice yeah and if you follow that down of course you’re going to
find some magic all right some magic and some drugs enchanting what are you doing when you
enchant someone, right? You’re bringing them to completion. These orgia at the bottom,
these orgia, these rites, these are rites of completion. Look at the very last line,
second to last line. It says Pausanias, semicolon, gamo, gamus from Callimachus, right?
gamon gamon is a marriage or a sexual union so that performance of those sacred rites
is a reference to the mystery of the sexual union which is the thing that brings completion
it brings completion yeah nice so you can see that okay something very simple like a
sexual union we should we all understand what that is we all know what it is okay fine
but the way that it’s being thought of in the language is different than what you you and i
think sex and we get a mental picture of you know two people doing it right that is the act but
for the greek mind that’s under the influence of the language um the act is an act of
spiritual completion now you think i’m just making that up right or i’m trying to be some
kind of sex guru or some weirdo or something right um not at all because it bears out in all
of the literature yeah yeah it’s everywhere yeah jesus in the church you know they’re supposed to
be a gamos. There’s supposed to be a union there, right? Why is this the fulfillment of everything,
this gamos? And people say, oh, they put too much emphasis on sex. No, they didn’t. They just looked
at it differently. This is your finishing. This is an act of finishing. I wonder what people would
do differently if they looked at sex as an act of completion, right? Like, I don’t know, do we go
into it with that attitude in mind i don’t think so we’re operating under different circumstances
right so um good and now let’s look at tello tao because watch this okay all right so we’re just
going to modify it a little bit modify it’s still the same route but what happens when you
add a different verbal ending to it okay to be fulfilled passively to be fulfilled to come to
completion. Okay, that feels the same to me. To finish something off, uh-oh, but frequently it’s
used for dying. So now that sexual intercourse that is the completion has now become a death.
In their mind, this verb is moving through a world that results in death, coming to an end.
wait a minute i thought it was completion yes your completion is your death now do you understand
what the mystery is all about we’re supposed to bring you to that point of completion yeah
so that you can so that you can um live a life in which you know who you are yeah
nice so that’s why when you when you look at telotao you get you get finish or die
um i want to show you this too um oh it’s okay yeah no it’s okay let’s just keep going
what does that mean hey uh nature nature and that’s what we we’re pretty good about that
we want to leave it that we what is nature could you just define for me what is nature
no but what do you think of when you think of nature like i think of
the wild and the wild world with molecules and all the all the stuff like that i mean that’s
kind of what i think of when i think of nature oh yeah uh well i i think of the ecosystem
ecosystem more planetary stuff do you think like planetary yeah yeah on a big level that’s why you
said gaia um origin here origin it means origin or growth origin or growth so that wait a minute
my nature is my origin right they tell you in that first paragraph frequently when you’re referring
to people it means their birth right so again i say something as simple as nature and we think
we know what this word means and we tag it. Fusus is nature, but then we think of our nature,
our concept of nature, and it doesn’t fit. It’s your origin. Look at number two, the natural form
or constitution of a person or thing as the result of growth. Oh my God, seriously?
Wow. Yeah. Those lines in Greek are talking about each, you know, each person has that
completed genesis what is your nature it is your constitution as a result of your completed growth
and that is your appearance your appearance so think about that for a minute right your appearance
is your is your like the bloom of your growth when your growth reaches its maximal right when
it comes to its completion you’re there right that’s your character or nature all right look
they use instinct instinct oh god i mean it’s it’s amazing look at all this we just scrolled down
look at all look at number three the regular order of nature i mean i think that’s probably
where your mind was yeah that’s closer to closer to where i was as well nature as an originating
power is this the nature that you were thinking of like mother nature yeah yeah look who they’re
putting here for nature a monkey right in the non-cape necessity necessity okay pythagorean
it’s the name for two. The dyad is nature or phusis. Yeah. Now look at this. You didn’t think
I was kidding that these Greeks have all sorts of weird ways of thinking. Look at number two at the
bottom. The characteristic of a sex. What is a male’s characteristic? His wee-wee, right? What
is a female’s characteristic? Her hoo-ha, right? When they say here the characteristic of sex,
equals i doy on if you click on i doy on here your nature is your the completion of your growth which
is your privy parts right did you know men have pudenda that’s what it says right can you see
can you see the privy parts yeah you can see them fantastic pudenda just in latin means the shame
the shamed bits right pudor is shame you cover up right it’s a good word yes and it’s frequently
in plural you’re talking it’s like our saying genitals but when we say genitals do we really
describe this kind of nature this natural growth see how like these people are freaking farmers
dog right it’s just it always comes back to like a natural you know thing and you and i think of
nature is separate from reproduction and it’s not we only get nature from reproduction we only get
the peak of our growth through reproduction right we wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for the
reproduction so to them this this is a big deal when you talk about nature you’re talking about
in this context so yeah the mind is working different you would assume you would assume
i’ll stop sharing for a minute look at you you would assume that all of these words mean the
same thing that you can say one-to-one correspondences you know fucis equals nature
pathos equals suffering and you think you’re right and you walk away from it and when you
get to translate you translate those words that way and then yeah right right right that’s what
biblical scholars do and since all of their stuff has already been translated they don’t need to
retranslate. Those verses, they just assume that’s fine. But when you start actually reading Greek
and you’re reading through these texts, you’re going to realize these words don’t really mean
what you and I think they mean. They don’t really mean nature. Yeah. Right. It’s something
different. This telos, this completion in your life. Is there a reason that your life’s completion
is your death? Well, I get that. You’re at the end of your life. No, that’s not what they said.
they’re thinking ionic, not chronic. It’s the maximal growth. It’s what you achieve when you
have been brought to your maximal growth, that completed perfection of generation that comes from
the aphroditic world. Oh, God, I love it. It’s amazing. Okay. Now, where did I? Here’s what I
want to do. We’re 30 minutes in. Take 10 minutes, and when we come back, I want you to translate
for me the first three
entries
of Greek, real Greek. I want you
to get it perfect and I want you to
teach me
that Greek. I want you to tell me what’s going
on in each of those passages.
Take
go ahead and take 10 minutes.
I need 10 minutes right now.
Sure. Okay.
I’ll see you in 10. All right.
How are you?
Good. Good. You got your
second cup of tea.
you’re gonna need it okay yeah we’re gonna tackle some sophocles okay um a and b and then we’ll jump
to menander um i’m gonna shut up and let you do this okay cologne from name tone saint on anthropon
good um good or beautiful to understand or think uh the mortal person or human
a human mortal um is fair or equality yeah what does that mean uh equal or fair
yeah but what is the whole thing the whole set of words that just came out of your mouth
what is that what does that mean um it’s good to understand uh human mortal humans
equality or fairness yeah i think you had a stroke somewhere yeah probably
right so you can feel it you can feel that it’s not clicking it’s not making sense there’s no
there’s no orgasmic understanding of the universe all of a sudden your mind’s not blown
right now watch this jump to b okay do this fragment and watch the difference is this one
there will be okay and i’ll explain why this is okay it’s because different operating systems
okay go ahead with b all right the war in greek please oh sorry uh philae god on andras polemos
uh gray ewing uh new news the the war loves to catch or hunt uh new men yeah okay makes sense
doesn’t it? Yeah. Yeah. Four’s always hunting those young guys, right? Putting them into the
grinder. Yeah. Oh, yes. Now, why does that one make sense and the first one doesn’t? What the
hell, right? What’s the difference between those two? It’s simply a difference in what’s
tracking in the greek you tracked on b perfectly you saw each each of those um you caught the main
verb you caught the subject nice right you caught the infinitive right they’re loving to do something
somebody’s loving to do something right and you saw the neus andras those are both accusatives
those young boys young men andras young men right war loves to hunt those young men okay what is it
that you’re not tracking in the first sentence what is it that you’re not what you’re not
tracking is the use of this accusative subject with an infinitive which is what they’re going
to teach you yeah we’re going to teach you in this chapter to be thinking it’s not an infinitive so
just stand just stand yeah just don’t even try to translate just stand back and structurally
look at it there’s no there’s no main verb right for name it’s an infinitive it can’t be the main
verb yes okay unless we okay so what are we going to do here we’re looking for a verb to be and it
happens it happens to accompany kalon right it’s a it’s a good thing to be good yeah it’s a good
thing what it’s a good thing fat now take your subject that a snake tone a snake tone a mortal
it’s a good thing that a mortal what throne name think about contemplate okay so it’s a good thing
that the mortal thinks good barely about humanity about isa about that’s an accusative plural about
things equal or yeah equal or fair anthropos for for people you know for humans yeah so it’s a good
thing for somebody who’s gonna die to think on those things that are right for people all right
You’ve got to think about your place, mortal.
You’ve got to think about your stature.
The one thing that’s the difference between these two is you understood all the grammar.
Here, you need to see that the ton-sne-ton is acting as the subject.
You can have an infinitive with an accusative subject, right?
It is good for somebody to do something.
And when you say that for somebody, it’s going to be an accusative.
Good.
Good.
how about look those are both sophocles how about menander this one you ought to you ought to blow
the roof off of this guy all right um um beautiful victory but to overwin is evil to be about being
overbearing you’re muted doctor sorry i was muted thanks for telling me one of your voices told me
i was muted thank you voice kalon to nikon just look at that toni khan is an articular infinitive
nikon is an infinitive for nikao right a present infinitive so winning winning is cologne
winning is beautiful okay yes but but overwinning yes is evil okay yes and so you translated it
perfectly right but overwinning is evil now tell me what that means um i’m it’s uh it’s
evil to win too much and not lose victory is beautiful and yeah yeah what do we do when we
huper nikao right it’s just nikao plus huper yeah over oh yeah that word means over beyond
to be more than conqueror and look they even quote the epistle to the romans 837
okay to be more than a conqueror look at what’s coming if you didn’t know if you didn’t know that
menander had said this stuff you know paul is reading menander and people like menander
so and that’s who he’s quoting when he quotes um so hey good for you paul look he would have had
this monastic in us excuse me in his mind so when you why is it bad to really what to to to be
overbearing and victory to really just obliterate everyone is that what that’s saying i assume yeah
it’s more it’s like tyrannical yeah yeah to win and to overwin it’s in to me it’s an interesting
concept it’s still a little amorphous aim you know it’s not holding its form in my brain
because i understand to conquer something nikao is just to conquer to beat someone to win to have
the victory but then you can do it excessively you can excessively conquer and that is a bad thing
so i don’t think that our minds are quite grasping quite grasping what they’re saying
although we think we we think we are okay here’s what i want to do i want to go back
to these new third declension nouns that we’ve got and i just want you to look at them and feel them
on page 259 at the bottom we don’t need to read this you read this yeah yeah just read through
meter skip the vocative though but read through mate here please on page 259 meter metros
no no no i’m serious look what happened in the day of yes you you stumbled over it because it
loses its vowel. Yeah, I saw. Right? Isn’t that neat? Look at the dative singular. Yeah,
yeah, dative singular too. Same thing. Okay, I’ll do aner, andros, andri, and andra. Nothing
unusual there. It looks like, okay, andres, andron, andrasi, andras. Look at that accusative.
Its accent skips all the way to the first syllable, so that’s a little bit of a jolt there, but okay.
Okay, go to the next page on two, actually two pages, 261.
I want you to look at this noun, genos.
Genos.
Genos.
And notice that it’s got really odd forms.
Genos.
Genos.
Genus.
Gene.
Genos.
Look, it’s nominative and it’s accusative have the same form.
Right, fantastic.
In the plural, it’s got goofy plurals.
Gene, genon, genesee, those two look fine, the genitive and the dative.
But look at that nominative and accusative plural, gene.
With an eta, it looks like a first declension, a nominative, right?
Singular, but it’s not.
Yeah.
Yeah, so it’s going to be a kind of a pain.
and then they give us the name Socrates
and of course they don’t give it to us
in the plural right
because you know
there’s only one of them
when you
it’s not like nobody else was named
Socrates but
you know we do the same thing
so anyway
look at the forms though
Socrates with an A to
sigma
socrates with an omicron oops long signal i know that looks like an accusative plural right but
it’s not it’s a genitive singular for socrates right socrates and the dative well that looks
kind of dative with that a yod of and then a goofy accusative socrates with an ada yeah oh god some
weird nouns finally the one that’s the most common at the bottom of that same page
run through me with the word well for the word polis meaning city okay give me those polis
good good notice that it’s an is in as opposed to an os on right so okay that’s kind of neat
and then it’s plural forms that poleis with an epsilon a yoda sigma the nominative plural
you’re just gonna have to memorize that right it’s just cities that’s just the plural for cities
pole on looks normal policy i understand that looks like a dative but then the accusative again
police right and notice please notice that to confound everything to make this even more
confusing is that its gender is feminine if you look you know under three where it says
third declension now is the type polis poleos hey you’ll notice that it’s feminine oh my god
what’s it is so confusing man yeah right it’s so confusing okay um so you just have to memorize
you just have to memorize those forms and if you want to know what quantitative metathesis is on
262 you should read that little read that little description but i don’t think we need to know
right now and i think what’s more important is this basileus sort of noun third declension noun
basileus basileus basile basilea okay i’m starting to get it basileus or basileus notice that it’s
spelled eta or epsilon iota again are they having problems with this is there you know is this a
dialectical thing that the eta and the epsilon iota just make kind of a slightly different twang
and so they use it different regions it’s difficult but you know all you got to know
is there’s two different types of nominative in the plural so okay basileon basileosi basileos
those don’t look bad we’ve got adjectives that we’re going to learn and then we move on to day
law automate clear i want to go to the actual grammar in this chapter and i want to make sure
you understand it and part of it was what we talked about today go to the bottom with the
actual greek that we looked at page 268 go to the bottom let me see if i can get 268 on the screen
here accusative subject of the infinitive yes yeah that part is messed me up okay
let’s read it together why don’t you read it to me teach me
in greek an infinitive may have a subject the subject of an infinitive is put in the accusative
case so other song so graph same biblia the to write books is good to write books is good
writing you write books is good now look at number two compare that with number two
uh this particular infinitive has no subject so that one above that one above had no subject but
this one does so let’s see what it looks like um um is it homer to write books is good for
homer to write books is good homer’s writing books is good that homer writes books is good
yeah yeah isn’t it they’re all trying to say the same thing yeah right the subject here
is actually homer it is good you can say that homer writes for to homer on graphing because
the articular infinitive is to graphing but homer on is this one doing the graphing okay right yeah
it is good that homer writes books oh god yeah it’s weird it you shouldn’t have an accusative
as a subject right and they tell you that in the observation here the articular infinitive
has a subject that’s what i was just blabbing about homemade on in the accusative case
you get it oh yeah look at the next one look at number three because that’s a nice complex example
jump to the end of the sentence high polis soys don’t tie right so there’s our cities in the
plural high polis right the cities soys don’t tie there’s our verb are being saved right the cities
are being saved what are they being saved by they’re being saved by the toy that’s a dative
right by the toy and that’s an article so what’s it going with well it’s not it’s not going with
the tooth following it and that tooth is going with the politas following it so it’s not going
with either of those how about the toys nope say always nope it’s not going with those zoa nope
it’s not going with those ah finally you get the article all i mean the infinitive all the way at
thuan so this is an articular infinitive toy through ain the cities are being saved by
the sacrificing right by the sacrificing that’s what toy doing now you you say well who’s doing
the sacrificing do i have something in the accusative sure enough yeah tus politas
by the citizens sacrificing and then i stuck in a direct object zoa zoya for what they’re
sacrificing animals and then a dative there twice they always an indirect object twice they always
sacrificing animals to the gods so by by the citizens sacrificing animals to the gods
the cities are saved wow that’s a lot huh yeah
isn’t it amazing like how can they when they’re speaking this to each other how the hell do they
know that okay i started off with an article and i’m not going to get to it’s a key it’s
infinitive until you know quite a few words later so what do i do do i just put my brain on hold
right until i get that and then suddenly try to remember that’s what the english brain is doing
somehow they’re allowed to be able to juggle these things three-dimensionally right so you can see
this is a structure toy throughane that’s a structure that’s a articular infinitive with
everything between being a part of that articular infinitive oh god it’s amazing amazing good work
okay um what about result clauses in 87 after that do you what is your uh did you have any when
you’re reading this did those kind of make sense to you yeah those made sense i i got that uh um
okay you’ve got two types of result clauses you’ve got an actual result and a natural result oh yeah
so one action to another action and then the other one was um the subsequent verb
is referring back to the first one right yeah you’re gonna make it so that you have to figure
out and why you you say why um and are they telling you we’ve got two classes of this
because sometimes in a result clause you’re going to use an indicative verb and sometimes you’re
going to use its infinitive form yeah right so you have to know when you’re using that indicative
you’re indicating an act an actual result right they are sacrificing to the gods with the result
that they will be saved that’s an actual result they’re actually going to be saved but then that
natural result go look at some of those natural results they sacrifice so as to be saved by the
gods yes those are confusing to me it’s stating that one action tends to follow naturally upon
another action think about that oh so ugly are the poems so as for the citizens not under the poet
yeah yeah naturally typically yeah naturally or typically this is the result
yeah expected consequence okay yeah so for the homer one yeah homer wrote so well so as to be
honored he may or may not have actually been honored but the quality of his work was such
that his being honored was a natural or expected result isn’t that interesting they’re distinguishing
that why is their little greek mind distinguishing that you know you want to know whether you know
whether it’s just natural for this thing to happen or whether it was an actuality that tells you a
lot i’m serious that tells you a lot about the philosophy that tells you a lot about the way
the greek language is working in the mind of the people that are using it from all these different
nationalities yeah yeah so natural okay and what what is the difference again look at what we’re
doing with this natural where’s the verb so then i we’re using an infinitive which one are we at
no oh i’m sorry page 270. oh yeah yeah yeah so as to be saved right whereas what are we using up
what are we using up here so face on time it’s just a regular regular indicative right so when
you when you use an indicative just a regular standard indicative verb you’re expecting the
actual results when you use an infinitive you’re expecting the natural results of something that
actually happens right he should have gotten all that acclaim but he didn’t it didn’t actually
happen right because he died the next day right it’s again why do they want to know this
i think it’s nice okay um and then compound verbs i don’t expect that you had any problem
uh because that’s not a uh yeah that wasn’t too difficult to understand and all of these
the new verbs the omicron contract here on page 264 oh yeah at the bottom there they give you
once again that chart omicron to epsilon i just want you to look at it omicron to epsilon becomes
an omicron epsilon o a becomes oi o ada become omicron ada becomes omega omicron ada yoda becomes
omicron yoda we’re contracting into the omicron and the omega that’s all notice in all of those
endings we either get an omicron or an omega so that’s what you can expect in your omicron
contract verbs like day law all which means that did they give him what did they tell you yeah they
do make clear or show right this verb is used a lot for demonstration oh yeah yeah i want to
demonstrate things to you so that’s why um it’s so important and you can make compounds out of it
Anyway, look at the, on page 265, just a glance at all of those endings, o, o, ois, oi, omen, ute, usi.
I don’t want you to memorize them as a separate paradigm.
I just want you to reckon right now that those have the same endings, o, ace, a, omen, ete, usi.
They have the same endings on them.
They’ve just been omicronified.
Omicron.
Right?
they’ve got lots of omicrons in them now that’s all so don’t try to memorize these contracts
as a different set of paradigms it’s kind of a waste of your time you can you can they give you
the machinery to make these calculations they tell you that omicron epsilon makes an omicron
oopsalon so you can make these calculations yourself looking at the endings always say
good okay sorry sorry imperfect i beat that one up imperfect look at the imperfects
right
that’s just the on s a on endings are you memorizing more endings no not really
not really um the place that you may get confused is the present optative at the bottom of 265
and beginning of 266 yeah look at those right and they even have some alternative endings right
yeah oh god so that that looks familiar
and i can do that but look you can also get an
right that’s just like yeah ah please i thought this stuff is supposed to be standardized no
it’s all greek to me right it’s there’s exceptions to exceptions to exceptions so
look at its infinitive day loon day loon day loose thigh that looks like a passive
infinitive right yeah yeah definitely definitely definitely okay um there’s its participle on 267
you didn’t have any problem with that it’s the same as what you what you saw before and then
they give you verbs with contracted futures and they give you the example of on gallo on gallo
it’s just a contracted future all of a sudden it acts like it has a contracted future
that’s all okay god look at the look at the example they give oh this is page 268
distinguish carefully it says between such forms as i i remain minnow from the first principle part
but mino i will remain so it’s just the difference between the first and
second principle part look at you remain minas but minas you will remain
so the greek ear can hear the difference between minas and minas yeah yeah and it’s not stress
like we’re doing it we can distinguish it from stress and that’s why we bother to use stress
accents for their pitch yeah but it’s tonal they’re hearing that stuff tunnel okay all right
we’re done with the grammar i want to move on with some exercises and i want you to step up and give
me your best tell me tell me which ones you did best and um i want you to show me and translate
and do do number five look five’s a good one i tried that one okay i don’t know if i like pleaded
any of these necessarily but i i um the good the things that are good the good things oh first
read it in greek please oh sorry yeah uh agathon toy krema krema here rt twist
so the thing um that’s good if you’re spinning your wheels go to the main verb go to the main
yes for the educated for the educated well by being educated well um
is indeed a participle as you just translated right um to for or with those having been
educated well but that’s not your main verb oh my main verb is um is it is it invisible yes
okay yes it’s invisible so find your subject as soon as you know you’ve got an invisible verb to be
find your subject and then translate it is whatever so where’s your subject
good okay good excellence is is a good thing good for those who are well educated good
excellence is a good thing for those who are well educated right now there’s two words in that
sentence that we did not translate i know yeah toy toy and yeah okay what is it again always
makes me it makes me confused doesn’t that mean like indeed or okay let’s let’s go to all the
different meanings of gas right okay what is gas look at this 100 pages later look it’s dory
oh god i hate it it’s too much please stop right
look and here’s an example that would make luke gorton’s
head drop down get dorian and b ocean is ga does the vowel change the word no it does not
look what it says it’s an enclitic particle this is really the best thing of all this writing is
just the end of the sentence here it gives emphasis to the word or words which it follows
okay okay now they give you a hundred different if you just look at your sentence now look at
your sentence and realize that it’s just giving that emphasis for well for for for the words that
it follows okay so um as an enclitic right are they going to tell you it’s an enclitic yes
an enclitic particle, it’s passing its accent on, giving emphasis to the word or words which
it follows. So what is the word that it follows? Toys, the definite article. And what is that
toys modifying? It’s pepiteo. Those who are at least who have been educated.
those okay yeah those who have been then how do you add the and how do you add the okay how do
you add the influence at least at any rate at least to these people specifically these people
who’ve been educated this is true right that this happens right notice in english they’re trying to
knock on the door of what this means at any rate and then they say but off but often only to be
rendered by italics in writing why would they say that right because it’s really hard to render the
fact that this get is just giving emphasis to the words that it that it has come after it’s just
you know at any rate at least with respect to these people that’s really it’s not coming
across in English, right? So how are you going to get to know this experience? Look at all the
different times that it’s used, and you’ll pick up. Look at number two here. It’s an apexegetic.
What is it going to do? Is it going to explain anything to me? I don’t understand. Namely,
right? Particularly those of a certain kind are the ones who benefit in this case.
look it’s used in exclamations or strong assertions how are you gonna how are you
gonna translate the fact that this is it is I’m making a strong assertion right
in English we just have to say that look look dear I’m making a strong assertion
right what look at number five implying concession Amy get and they translated
is well then i will go i will go amy yeah right now when you see this in a passage you’re just
going to translate it as i will go and you’re going to see the ga hanging on there and you’re
going to think how the do i translate that right well well then what does that imply
there’s some kind of concession made okay fine i’ll go right yes that’s that’s what it’s doing
right look it’s not oh god okay now that’s one that’s one particle we’re talking about what’s
the other one in our sentence here boom toy remember how i told you a few lessons ago i
said don’t pay attention to these particles don’t worry about these particles too much
right because it’s gonna blow it’s gonna really bother you right yeah they should be translated
but sometimes they don’t they don’t really appear right so toy watch this once again it’s gonna be
right it’s gonna be a quite a walk to you let me tell you
this is properly madelena the ethical dative of sue the pronoun for you wait what it’s an ethical
dative with respect to you or toy and now it’s being used as an enclitic particle so it’s going
to pass its accent on to the word before it and that gives that word special emphasis and it means
let me tell you what oh god what had this is this thing different from get look you look i’ve got
somebody in mind i’m talking to you hey i’m talking to i’m implying that there is a real
or imagined audience and this is frequently used in homer especially in speeches so look at the
example now we saw an example with amy get we saw an example with amy get right what what about an
example with amy toy they translated to shirley hey you i’m trying to get your attention look you
the translators look look you hey yo right yes okay that’s what toy is do you know how to translate
toy no you’re gonna have to see it a gazillion times right you’re gonna have to know i’m serious
you’re gonna have to see it a gazillion times yeah look at this zeus is the look at this okay
look at look at this look greek here this is nice you can read this what does this say and this is
the invisible verb to be look i’m making the invisible visible this is the invisible verb
to be visible esteem so he sheer it is what would zeus esteem i therapy my sir ether yes yes
who is the ether the ether the the wind i don’t know the uh in between
zeus is the ether oh yeah zeus is the ether zeus is the earth yep and zeus is what
and finally they give us the toy because i’m a drunk you yeah hey you there
sitting there hey dummy right right or whatever it doesn’t have to be negative but hey you
it’s acknowledging you yeah yeah is all right yes all of you zeus is all of you zeus is the all
zeus is the oh okay you could say everything there too for top hanta zeus is everything
nice nice okay now you know see and all you’re doing is trying to find out what this little
particle means and look you stumbled on some kind of great deep dark secret uh what god is
god is the ether god is the earth god is uranos god is everything yeah brain implode
okay let’s do some more um let’s give you a break another let’s do let’s do
10 minutes. Let’s do another 10 minutes or so. And when we come back, I want you to pick
out of these exercises. I want you to pick out one of these long ass bastards. And I
want you to take on the whole paragraph because these are multiple sentences. Yeah. And I
want you to take it on. Okay, just one. And I don’t care. Oh, but first, we’re going to
do 24 oh god that’s so cute i love it okay i’ll see you in 10 minutes all right okay
fantastic you there madeline hold on a second my zoom’s messed up your zoom is messed up okay
here i am okay fantastic so you have some of these wait which one we’re gonna do first maybe 24
24. Yeah. When? Oh, it’s a question. When will you die? You finish Didaskalon Tatege. Didaskalon Pase. Okay.
um um if it makes any difference to you this is an this is an example of a plural subject
taking a singular verb oh so it’s okay make tapate your subject oh tapate okay i was
and figure that so the the suffering good this suffering guy yeah who’s suffering
the teacher yeah yeah when will the sufferings of the teachers be over nice
yeah that’s a smart ass the whichever one of the guys made this hansen
that was that was a smart ass thing okay all right um which one of these did you do that
you think okay i feel good on this one i’m going to teach him this one
let’s see here which did you least hate um i did four and six so those ones were the other ones i
did um but we could try both of them i suppose let’s try four it looks like a nice juicy big
ass long one right so just notice structurally before you even read it notice structurally
that first sentence is three lines and here it ends at eluito okay good then we got a whole
another sentence after it that follows just be aware of that okay just now break this thing down
read in greek then break it down explain to me what’s going on let’s translate okay so um
got a couple verbs which are did you gonna read it in greek oh yes
Yes, yes.
polemios fulaxastei, fulaxasai, heites poleus, arhei, aleixos, an elueto, an elueto.
tautein deite tautein deitein poline axioimen gargages okay um so we have
taxase which is to a point um but i i think it’s eris middle but is is it infinitive so to a
so point your oneself yes toxic an infinitive good spy so
and then the other one is full access thigh which is it looks exactly the same
so i’m assuming it’s so guarding for themselves um two guard frames and there’s another
right but i’m um which is at the end after on so so is it so it’s um it’s a
past contrafactual uh right is it a past is it a past well i thought because it’s a
an heiress heiress and then on right yeah a plus well what is a thelon is that an heiress
athalon it’s from ethelo etheleso eth athalon excuse me okay right so this is a perfect
yeah good because the the ace yeah yeah that means to one or yes yes to one okay so it’s a present
contrafactual right because it’s a plus an imperfect followed by where’s your where’s your
imperfect plus on oh okay rule two nope no oh look at the end of the first sentence on the third line
yeah so we do have a present we got a present contrafactual yeah it’s a whirlwood
a were would yes it’s a were would if somebody were then somebody would yes man okay um if without
those horsemen uh so is the hoi hoplitai no is the hoi hoplitai what i was i’m trying to find
like the subject yeah that looks like a subject to me doesn’t it yeah yeah so you got it you got it
if so if i’m just gonna yeah make that whole point no it’s okay it’s i told you it’s a long ass
sentence if just keep focusing on okay we’ve got the verbs now and we know it’s a word wood
so i’m looking for my subject you found the hoy yeah yeah so the hoplites the hoplites if the
hoplites made a thelon were not wanting to be stationed to oh okay yeah ace in battle
I know I can on Tony pay on without these horsemen. Yeah. Ignore the Hooper clause for now because I don’t. Anyway, just ignore it for now. Then what what’s your hypothesis. Hey, hey, yeah, they rule the rulership of the city.
yeah would would be released yeah would be dissolved something like that um
seriously right truthfully right truly it would have been dissolved yes
can that mean really or truthfully okay yeah and what are we doing there with that
hipper clause really it’s standing in the place of a purpose right for the sake of guarding
right those enemies being guarded that’s why they had to be stationed up there anyway don’t worry
about that what do we do then with the rest town 10 day 10 poland oxy oimen get our case
oxy oimen what the hell is oxy oimen um uh let me show you something okay let me show you something
as you’re answering that question what is oxy ointment let me show you something that you can
use as a tool here on on lsj okay when you look up oxy ointment it’s gonna identify it for you
if you ever get lost and you’re like oh shit what kind is this and if it has multiple forms it will
tell you it’ll give you oh it can also mean this or this so look it’s a verb we knew that right
from oxy all right first person plural you probably saw that with the men on the end right
but in case you were wondering it looks like an optative but it’s for it’s a contract it is an
optative it’s a present optative active contract see how they put c-o-n-t-r yeah right that’s
telling you it’s a contract that’s why it looks like this okay great so if you ever get lost about
identifying come to lsj as you’re doing your homework or studying or whatever and you can
identify it so we’ve got an optative there so may uh may uh may expect or may think worthy
it’s not a let’s say what kind of what kind of optative could we say it there it could be that
remember we had those three so far we had the optative of wish after my mate might right
mayor might sorry those two um and that potential optative which can be may might could would oh
would this is be a uh wood right let’s try that i cut wood there’s only one slight problem yeah
what did we cut what are we expecting with that potential there’s one of those little tiny words
that we always have to watch out for on man we really need that on here to carry that yeah
yeah that’s true so it would be that that’s from i was just thinking that because of the previous
sense closest we can get is with the wish i wish we would right deem worthy of rulership
this city yeah yeah okay fine they’re just exercising those independent optatives now
you said what else you said number six uh yeah oh so from who got tail
yeah okay go ahead oh daughter of prudence yeah you don’t want to read the greek how come oh i’m
sorry i yeah oh my god i’m i get ahead of myself uh um
so from the soo soo got there Mary Kay says peace they say peace they saw peace
days peace days toys to to to talk who he feels low voice a card both eyes raw
I saw boys say please see us Oh toy Timoto on him a tear okay so two
sentences right yes for that first sentence where’s your main verb a piece
sasa no that’s a principle yeah they can’t be they can’t be so yeah so
it’s an invisible v isn’t it no no it’s not a visible verb to be you’ve got adi caseis
which is a subjunctive right so okay you can have a subjunctive standalone so that can be your main
verb and it’s got to be one of those three it’s got to be that hortatory let us it’s got to be a
deliberative right are we to do something should we do something or it’s got to be a a prohibition
and since it’s got that may sitting here yeah negative don’t yeah then i think it’s a prohibition
okay yeah see how that see how that immediately just goes through this it’s not brains you’re
just going through lists of what the hell this possibly could be you’re identifying the good
translator identifies and then translates okay sorry i’ll stop yeah you’re right
in any case i dk6 to do wrong so persuade to do wrong maybe persuaded to do not be
me so so it’s telling yes it’s telling you okay and it’s a second person singular idk
yeah so yeah so it’s hey you don’t don’t don’t be persuaded to do wrong oh so close right yeah
don’t literally it’s don’t do wrong don’t do wrong having been persuaded they suck
all right right yeah or you don’t put having been don’t put having been because you’re putting a
perfect spin yeah you should say don’t do wrong persuaded and then we’ve got a toys logos notice
notice we’ve got toys followed by four forwards later logos the words of the horsemen
of the evil you have the evil horseman right yeah persuaded by the words or arguments of
evil horsemen do not do evil right easy isn’t these you uh yeah by these
by the by the horseman you mean the words are plural the horseman is singular horseman is
singular yeah i’m sorry don’t be unjust after you’re persuaded by words of an unjust
this this evil horseman good so what do you do with the a look we’ve got a conditional
it follows what kind of conditional um please see yes is it is it oh it’s uh it’s air it’s
aorist yes poies aorist what optative and subjunctive what is this i think it’s
optative good a plus optative process a plus um what’s in the hypothesis a plus optative
followed by what t moito on um is it well there’s the on so is it also optative a plus
optative optative plus on so that would be a um uh like it’s on page 97 if you okay a plus
optative optative plus on oh it’s a future less vivid yes it’s my favorite condition
which is a it’s a should a would should would should would okay so if you should
make a shameful thing if you should ever make if you should ever yeah the make i just tweaks my
ear a little wrong in english remember how we said do there you go try do yeah uh if you should ever
do a shameful thing this would the mother i feel like it wouldn’t yes it’s ooh toy they’re not who
toy ooh toy you missed the rough breathing and because of that you went to they which is a good
instinct i applaud your instinct but you didn’t notice that it was not a rough breathing so
ooh toy is a different word and it’s just the ooh not plus the toy do you see that
oh okay yeah oh toy yeah that makes sense so it’s whatever that it’s whatever that crazy
particle toy is doing add it to the knot you know so really not don’t right it’s just emphasizing
the knot there so yeah if you should do shameful things ever yeah if you should do shameful things
ever now who’s the subject of the wood clause it’s he may tell mom the mom would not be honored
good you see it clicks makes sense mom wouldn’t be honored but now if you tried to translate this
sentence by yourself without knowing how conditionals are working you’d be totally
screwed it’s just right so again we’re identifying everything focusing in doing some uh deep diving
um i want to give you a no i want to see second help go to 17 all right i want to do one of those
result clauses and if you remember in the result clause section they talked about what was that
little word oh the other horse say hey yeah so the so that mm-hmm so you can
see it here and see how it’s here in 17 at the end of the first line yes good
good so we know that there’s gonna be some kind of result clause here so let’s
jump just don’t try to translate just say okay we’re going to have a verb then and that verb
is either going to be in the indicative right which is that what we’ve got here soys do see
or an infinity so yeah i want to say that’s um is that present yeah it’s present from soy
though right it’s present so it’s gonna be which of those conditionals flip up
to the conditional now so you can see it and that’s on pay I mean not to the
conditional the result clause I’m sorry oh oh so yeah so if you go to page 269 I
just want you to see this go back to result clauses and look at about after
first paragraph it says clauses of result are two types first uses indicative second uses infinitive
so ours is indicative so it’s an actual result so you can translate the hosta here with the actual
result that so let’s go let’s go back to 17 and translate it with the actual result that boom okay
Okay, so with the actual result that soys duci, they save the city.
They save the city, yeah.
Okay, it’s not the natural result, it’s the actual result.
Now, that’s all I want you to see from the result clause.
Everything else is just translating exactly like you’ve done before.
Here, we’ll do it together.
Okay.
Where’s our subject?
It’s hoi teoi.
where’s our where’s our main verb team on time in one from team o to honor so
the gods are on how are they honored with these goats I see the cause I see
yeah and which goats are they toys toys they’re the ones in toy here oi
They’re the ones who are tathu minois.
What is tathu minois?
That’s a tough one to identify.
From what verb is this?
What’s the first principle part?
There you go.
There you go, thuwo.
You got it.
well yeah um so it would be it would be
is the perfect passive so this is the having been um there you go having been sacrificed
Good. To the goats that were sacrificed in the temple.
So the gods are honored by the goats that were sacrificed in the temple
so that they save the city yeah what about the next part
stop right there just translate that without the sacrifice yep
wish all right no exile um hostile hostile oh um the gods are hostile yeah yeah and
and uh dangerous cup and they call lucy i’ll see oh wait that one
this is stupid greek it’s really stupid great right well yeah don’t worry too much don’t worry
too much because it’s just the it’s a present indicative policy third person oh wait it’s
be it’s beauty right so no no no no no no yeah right right right it’s from yeah which means to
call and and then uh usi as third person plural right so they call the volemius um which is like
is that a citizen no it’s those who are going to engage in war oh okay wow yeah you can just
translate it as soldiers that’s fine soldiers yes um into yeah to the earth what what the
the soldiers to the earth right conquerors in battle no it’s terror it’s terribly written um
go to number 20 and i just want you to notice they’ve tucked just look at the structure we’ve
got a question mark for the first line and then they’ve they’ve talked to conditional they’ve
talked to conditional in there right so we have on right day lois on plus day lois
so we have one conditional right here yeah and it’s um uh what kind of conditional is that you’re
trying to identify it aren’t you yeah good instinct right good instinct look what you’re
doing exactly what kind of conditional and plus day lois and day lois is day
law oh right so it’s gonna change it’s gonna up this vowel and this vowel looks like
it’s an optative but it’s not it’s um yeah what do you think this is day lois is it guess um no
i want i don’t want to guess um say lois always well it’s either i mean i have two choices i don’t
know it’s it’s it’s day law it’s day law with an omicron plus some kind of ending
in in order to get that ois you gotta think what kind of vowels could you have combined with that
omicron to get that omicron iota you could have ace epsilon iota sigma so this is just a second
person singular present active indicative so it’s at on plus what uh uh subjunctive
i don’t know do you expect the subjunctive do you expect the subjunctive how are we going to
get an indicative if you yeah watch this so yeah okay okay go to your form go to your form um
de lo this is why i showed you this look what it can be oh god it it can be that present indicative
at the very bottom second singular present indicative there it is but look what it can
also be it can also be a subjunctive it can be an optative okay look at the accent where’s our
accent yeah it’s um where’s our accent on it’s on the euro okay go back to your text see how it’s in
okay good so so which one is it that doesn’t really help right it’s either a subjunctive
an optative or an indicative because the accent can jump. You mean there are words where that
accent can jump and there’s no telling of, yes, yeah, shut up. This is the way it is.
I thought you said there were specific rules for these accents and these, no, shh, quiet.
It can be both. Don’t worry. It can be both. From the sound of it, however they pronounced it,
it can be both. So let us reserve judgment for now and say it’s an et on plus a subjunctive or
an optative or an indicative. But you and I know from the conditionals that what do we need there?
And we need exactly what you called for, a subjunctive. Okay. Why am I doing this to you?
Because I want you to see that you can go to, you were asking yourself that the same thing, right?
You can go to LSJ, and you can figure out what form it actually is, or at least a kind of a constellation of possibilities.
So let’s go to the hypothesis, which is right here.
Adi-ke-su-si.
What tense is that?
Adi-ke-o?
Adi-ke-so?
Adi-ke-so, yeah.
Adi-ke-sa, right?
Adikeo, adikeso,
adikesa.
What is the…
This looks like a future.
Yeah.
So it’s a future
more vivid.
Good. Make it a future more vivid.
It works structurally as a future more vivid.
It does well do.
Good.
If somebody…
If you
show us
virtue,
right they won’t they won’t act unjustly all right yeah if you make clear what virtue is
they won’t act unjustly okay they will not act unjustly good all right um i wanted you to see
and i wanted you to see there was one more host day where did that host go i wanted you to see
a hutos hoste combination something is so much something that we have the result do you have
there’s a there’s a hoya but there’s a no not hoya wasn’t interested in the
there’s a hoste in 27 27 let’s see 27 to say okay go ahead and read this one and let’s let’s do it
Structurally.
let’s before we jump in and start translating structurally what do we see here we got a host
day right so i know i’m i’m gonna get some kind of result clause is it first thing i ask is it
going to be actual or natural well any kato looks like it’s an indicative right so it’s going to be
the actual result with the actual result that the city was victorious right yeah okay so fine
you’ve already you got one clause there and then you say okay where’s the main verb of the
of the sentence and you’re gonna get this grapso method because you can’t use that’s a participle
yeah so the graph is not and and that one is um oh almost uh yeah yeah with that omega with that
omega that’s got to be a subjunctive yeah subjunctive um so it’s uh what kind of independent
subjunctive can we have there we’re gonna have a hortatory we can have a prohibitive or we can
have a deliberative now this isn’t a question so i’m gonna say it’s not deliberate yeah yeah
it’s let’s try the hortatory can we try the hortatory yeah the let us let us work
or um let us write let us uh
uh yeah yeah let us what grapso messa notice notice it’s middle notice it’s middle oh right
it’s middle right yeah you remember what grafo mean means when in the middle voice to indict
to indict someone on a charge of something in the genitive so let’s indict okay
let’s indict those people on a charge of doron there’s your genitive on a charge of
bribery gift giving yeah now they put in tele here which i think is out of place in bad greek
yeah right in the completion in death in the and leave that out for now why do we want to
indict them hoya because what klepsontas um for stealing yes for stealing what ta to demu
Ta to demu.
Ta to demu?
Is that people?
Yes.
And the ta is just a neuter accusative plural for the thangs.
Yes.
Right.
Because a charge for stealing the thangs of the people.
let’s write these guys up on a charge of bribery because they stole the people’s possessions
and then we just have to put in this uh prepositional phrase para tus normos
contrary to the laws oh yeah it’s literally standing next to the laws
say that you’re saying you’re not following the laws you’re next to the laws it’s kind of
weird so that the city is a nikato it’s a that’s a passive he’s conquered right was conquered one
well conquered yeah that’s the actual result so that the city was conquered good good oh god
okay so you see how result clauses work um i’m gonna stop sharing you see how result clauses
work you see how conditionals work we just went through an entire another unit okay more vocabulary
but it’s the same thing your translation is coming out nice we have an exam coming up next session
we will do the review on page let’s go there now just so we know this is unit 10 11 10 after 10
on page 289. Here’s our review for 8 to 10. And we will do together at the beginning of class
tomorrow, numbers 1, 2, 3, and 5. 1, 2, 3, and 5. Just as a way of warming up. And if you want
to do more, we can do more. And then I want you to jump into the exam. Now, I know you’re having
another exam right away right yeah um but i think you can do it all right yeah sure i can try
remember to prep how are you going to study you’re going to prep your vocab if you only
have time for one thing study your vocab okay because that’ll catch you before anything else
will your vocabulary remember they’re going to be focusing on all the vocabulary that you’ve had
in the last 10 units, but you’re more likely to see the more recent vocabulary, okay? So
study it backwards. Start with the 10th unit, review vocab, go to 9th, 8th, 7th, right? Okay.
I think you can do this because we haven’t learned a lot of new grammatical structures.
we’ve learned how to use participles and we’ve learned contract verbs and a couple of little
nuanced genitives like the genitive subjective genitive objective little stuff like that that’s
not going to be hard for you right so um what do you need to do to study in this case for this unit
i would recommend vocab number one and number two just reviewing what those few odd bits of
grammar were result clause you’re going to see result clauses on there i guarantee yeah
so that kind of thing this one’s more like strategy eight to ten is strategy you know as
opposed to you don’t have a gallon of memorization things that are being poured down your throat
again right okay all right all right let’s i think we’re done i think um i think you’ve made it
through and i don’t think we need to we need to continue i think we can take a break sounds good
and oh oh and i will have a lady babylon tomorrow oh what time did i okay i put it at seven
so can we start at eight is there any way we can start at eight yeah that’s fine okay and we’ll
just go two hours we’ll spend we’ll spend the first 30 minutes reviewing yeah and then we will
take the exam right away and it should only take us two hours good right okay all right how’s it
feel to be almost done with another week uh good i feel like it’s just begun but yeah it’s crazy
yeah yeah i’m um i didn’t mean a week i’m at another exam we’re almost done yeah then we’ll
have then we’ll have thursday and friday and pretty soon we’re going to double up one unit one
one class we’re going to do two units but i think i’m going to save it for like 18 and 19 and 20.
those can be doubled up okay yeah all right i’ll let you go thank you for your time tonight
beautiful job please keep up what you’re doing and let’s have a good test tomorrow
Well, thank you. Yes. Thank you
Source: Lady Babylon