Descriptions:
Video Description
The third session finishes the verb system. Ammon Hillman leads the class through the perfect and pluperfect, where the fourth principal part gives a completed state in the present or the past, so pepaideuka (πεπαίδευκα) means I have educated rather than I educated. The subjunctive and optative follow, and the lesson hangs the distinction on the vowels: the subjunctive lengthens the vowel to mark potential, while the optative adds the oi (οι) sound to mark a wish or a might-be.
Then the mood system is put to work. The lesson explains the sequence of moods, a rule where a main verb in a primary tense takes a subjunctive clause, and a main verb in a past tense takes an optative. The class reads purpose clauses built on hina (ἵνα), hōs (ὡς), and hopōs (ὅπως), each meaning in order that, and translates sentences in which the people sacrifice to stop a war, and messengers are sent around an island to protect the peace.
The final movement points outside the textbook. The teacher names Kirk and Raven’s Pre-Socratic Philosophers as the background for the physics behind the Septuagint and the sayings of Jesus, and he singles out Heraclitus and the Orphic cosmogonies as the place to begin. The assigned work is to learn the endings, the three vocabulary lists, and the purpose clauses before the exam in the next session.
Full Video Transcript
Is Madalena around?
Hey.
Fantastic.
How have you been?
Pretty good.
And you were reading Unit 3?
Yeah.
Fantastic.
Chewy, what’s going on?
Hang on a second.
I’ve got to work something out.
What’s going on with the engineering tonight?
What was that?
Keep going.
Sorry about that.
We’ve been having some flying problems tonight.
More than usual, right?
Go ahead, people.
Let’s get started.
Madalena, tell me.
you read unit three and you’re starting to hate you’re starting to hate greek no no not at all
even i think i like it more yeah do you why because it’s challenging yeah yeah okay well
that’s a good thing that’s a good thing if you get there to the point that you’re disliking mother
greek at all um realize that’s not uncommon especially at this point in the game unit three
boy we’re gonna have to get through some some new stuff tonight finish off the verbs talk about
sequence of moods oh god conceptually if you can explain that to me you’re a better person than
most let’s go to page 71 let’s go to page 71 i can’t believe that really threw me off tonight
the engineering really threw me off i don’t know why i don’t know what we’re doing wrong with the
system but it’s probably the satellite okay look at page 71 let’s go there and why don’t you just
read for me some words and we’ll talk about what they mean all right ocelon oceloto prize
a la but auntie and possibly yeah auntie hey no othlon no no no stop it othlon stop it othlon
then i want you to tell me what word in english do you get from othlon um athlete probably athlete
very good i just want us to be thinking about that right all the athel words athletics all
that kind of stuff good bala uh sorry ala but auntie you did instead of and what’s under auntie
yeah what is adate by the way oh uh excellence sorry
excellence i want to show you i want to show you bring up a lexicon i want to show you perseus
oh it’s going to be screwing around it was greeted anyway um audite i wanted to talk about
a little bit you say excellence or virtue right oh god this concept’s a lot bigger than x just
excellence and virtue i would imagine yeah you’ll notice on page 72 the noun audite this is the
second note audite excellence and virtue originally referred to excellence in general
whether of warriors in battle animals such as horses uh they had a lot they had a lot of
excellent horses right or things such as land can be excellent land too you know later its meaning
was sometimes narrowed to moral excellence or virtue so that’s what i wanted you to see there
that word isn’t necessarily moral at all um you’re talking about the excellence of something and you
can talk about the excellence of a horse right i mean it’s a really abstract weird kind of
philosophical way of thinking but it’s all packed into that word boule is your you know they say
will or council yeah council as in an actual group of people that meet that’s the so-and-so
council the boule i just want okay okay now what about that verb underneath it give me all those
principal parts okay look what they did to you they’re tripping you up in this one look at
in the first principal part the second to last letter is a fee fee oh yeah but in the second
principle part the second to last letter becomes a c yeah look at that yeah and the third it’s a
c2 but then it switches back to the fee in the fourth principle part so yeah so yeah
good yeah good beautiful beautiful to write to write oh my god now before we move on from right
I want you to look at the second principle part and say, why does it switch from a phi to a psi?
Well, the invisible sigma, right?
Yeah. Oh, God, you’re so great.
You’re probably like, you’re slowing me down, old man.
Fine. Fine.
If you want to get everything right, there’s no way that you should know that the sigma is there, right?
The sigma is there.
You got it.
It’s the combination of the sigma turns it into a psi.
good because the fee is really just a p right the fee is really just the pie fee is the p
with the puff of air good day there’s another particle look at there they tell you it means
in fact or of course um i could yeah just for now memorize memorize that but yeah okay what’s under
day um demos uh-huh demo oh the people yeah yeah democratia
yeah what is a measurement through the middle of something like a figure what’s the measurement
through the middle there you go diametron right that diameter isn’t that nice i love that that
stuff gets me going when i see how the words are put together like that eirene eirene oh yeah i
like how the way you say it better yeah peace oh god irene is peace right her name i’m gonna say
the next one because i’m the only one that gets to say dirty words ecclesia ecclesia ecclesias hey
meaning an assembly the athenians have two assemblies right they’ve got the ecclesia and
the boule and it’s kind of like saying our house and senator whatever okay um jump down epa is not
exciting right epa and epa day look at epa and epa day notice that the epa day is just a day with an
epe right so epe means after winter sense epe day it also means after winter sense but look
back up at day at the top to see what it really does day just adds a you know it’s a fact right
in fact right this is so it’s just a little extra emphasis but they really both just mean after
when or since um give me that verb give me that verb down there yeah there you go suso esusa
yeah and then uh to sia and to see us what is to sia it’s a sacrifice
what is that what is it when you throw something you’re burning it
baby and it’s mostly incense we’re not talking to animals although they do use it that way
occasionally henna is a conjunction for a purpose right in order to do something right may is an
adverb negativizer right not not it’s like ooh but it’s not ooh it’s may nikkei nikkei says victory
hopos in order that another look like henna means in order that what’s under hopos did you say that
that’s a big one it’s got some goofy letters in it of of stalom of salmos of salmo i yeah yeah
fantastic how about the verb powell pauso
perfect to make to stop or to stop right oh god put it on pause right oh there’s perry another
preposition look at how we’ve gotten quite a few prepositions right look at perry in this one in
the genitive it means concerning or about in the dative it means around and in the accusative
it means around or concerning okay so seriously um it’s going to be a little bit difficult for
you to guess which is which until you have context until you’re reading you see it good
how about fullato give me that one oh this one’s gonna okay now wait a minute before you do this
one your your mouth on the second line the the principal parts four five and six um it’s gonna
do things that are not englishy so go for it
yes do that last principle part again a couple of times
okay thing if you’re laughing yeah that’s it hard going from that he from that he that theta
is like a yeah there’s got to be some vowel in between there or something but no they didn’t care
they pronounced it and they made it sound euphonic right and honestly um madelaine my
mouth is not meant to say that so it doesn’t f then
yeah going from that to us
do that just do that just do the he and the theta together
yeah a little less a little a little no no pull out pull out a little bit of you got some of that
you got some of that oh it sounds like you’re gonna spit right and i did that on purpose but
uh hated the no skate from the to the it’s hard yeah
look you’re picking it up it’s stuck in my throat it is you have some kind of german guttural
frog in your throat just like i do we probably inherited it from english or something
Anywho, the one before that, the fifth principle part, pefulagma, is nicer because you can
go from that gamma to that mu pretty easily.
So a lot of times you’re going to be noticing the Greek is optimized according to sound.
So yeah, and by the way, that first principle part, just look at it, you didn’t know so
much was there but fullato fullato meaning to guard that double tau is an addicized double sigma
okay the attic lots yes fullasso fullasso just like just like the word for sea is thalassa
thalassa and all the other dialects but in these these athenians they don’t like to hear that
They don’t like the Pulaski and so they take it out and they put that
that’s two towels together, man. Try saying
one T after another.
Yeah, no, it’s awful, isn’t it? Fuck them. I like the Pulaski and Sigmas better.
Okay, sorry. I won’t curse if your babies are brown. No cursing.
No, no, they’re sleeping today. They’re feeling better.
hey can i say take that down can i let me talk to her for a second can i just say um kudos to you
for for feeding your child in the middle of learning the hardest fucking language on the
planet right and you just drop down and give that baby its food and i think that’s i think it’s
awesome and i think you should be commended for for pushing you have a bunch of small kids you
have like four kids right yeah i’m sorry i shouldn’t tell people because there’s so many
no it’s okay but look look at what you’re raising four kids i’m raising two and i’m telling you
what i can’t do more than that i can’t it was it’s beyond my capacity so the fact that you’re
doing four i don’t know how you’re not exhausted all the time all the time you should be exhausted
yes so my commendation to you for learning under for learning under that under those conditions
and now i can tell all of my students in the future i can tell them don’t give me excuses
right i watched a woman take care of four children while she took her class and she’s
taking care of four children you know skip you if you have an excuse for not doing your work
you know what i mean so and i understand it i wanted to let you know i understand if you have
to go like if there’s a kitty emergency one of them gets out of bed or something don’t feel like
you gotta sit there man just tell me hey i gotta go i’ll come back later you know what i mean okay
okay okay no thank you thank you for putting out a champion’s effort right and shame on anybody who
shame on anybody who doesn’t recognize that okay i want to go before our break because we’re going
to have a break here in a little bit i want to go to the beginning of unit three because unit three
is going to be just all the same verb stuff that we’ve been learning yeah in the tenses of the
perfect the blue perfect right and we get uh the perfect infinitive to have done something right
and they give you the example on page 63 of pepi del can i are you pretty good with infinitives do
you feel pretty good with the the infinitives that we’ve had so far we had the present and the aorist
and yeah right okay it’s just by itself and it doesn’t have um oh what’s it called
it’s just got aspects right yeah no time right it right it doesn’t have it doesn’t have person
or number right good good beautiful look you’re analyzing it right it was perfect shows that it’s
you know it’s uh making it so 61 i knew you would 61 at the top of the page should we blow that up
so she can see that if she’s using it.
Look at the perfect forms there.
A-A-S-E, A-M-A-N-A-T-E, A-S-E.
Notice that they’re just like the aorist endings,
except for that third plural, right?
Instead of on, it’s A-C.
A-C.
It’s A-C, yeah.
So that may throw you every once in a while.
You may be like, huh?
But that’s the perfect.
Okay, so look at their examples below that.
i have educated right now right now i am in a state of having educated that’s what
means right now at the present i have educated you have educated etc etc okay so
notice that notice that damn new movable can be there in the third person plural
as well as the third person singular right so okay i’m an asi i’m an ate asi good
how about the pluperfect oh god now the perfect i didn’t say anything but you read it and i want
to make sure you picked it up the perfect is the perfect is the fourth principle part right
yes okay pepi delca will be the fourth principal part of paideo paideoso e paideosa pepi delca
right is that fourth principal part that’s your perfect i have educated pepi delca good
so you’re going to form that from the fourth principal part from the fourth principal part
right now what about the pluperfect turns out it’s the same thing but it’s just got different endings
and you’ve got an epsilon augment on the front of the fourth principle part yeah okay so the
so the perfect which is translated like a past tense in english i have done something
is actually a present its past form is a pluperfect i had educated do you see in the
past it’s already done in the past i had educated that kid yesterday when something happened right
okay okay does that do you feel pretty good with how to how at least we can use the perfect in the
the pluperfect yeah um is it always like epa in the pluperfect in the pluperfect okay so is it
always epa look at the bottom look at the on page 62 where it gives you the endings and let’s just
do the endings first just so we know those right a a a now here’s the hard here’s the hard thing
look in the first person singular it’s an eta which we just say a but the epsilon and iota
of the third person singular it makes the same or a very similar sound to the eta so when we’re
pronouncing it we just say a again but i try to put just a little tinge of the iota on the end of
it so that people will hear it a right but what a for ada or a they’re pretty close so a ace a
good eminent
good i had educated you had educated he she it had educated we had educated et cetera et cetera
you and they good out absolutely outstanding so those are the two new tenses we’ve got
and then we start with subjunctive and optative moods we do the present subjunctive now look
what we’ve done we’re changing moods entirely so this is not going to say the same thing
right when we switch to the subjunctive mood and if you go to the top of page 64 and we have these
endings o a a omen a to o c a good now i want you to notice that those are long vowels the omega
is long the ada is long the omega on the omen right it’s not an omicron mu epsilon nu oh almonds
it’s an omen yeah isn’t that neat now that’s the mark why do i say that why do i point that out
because that’s the mark of the subjunctive in the subjunctive mood that is when you switch from
saying i want to go to the store to may we go to the store right when you switch to from i am going
to the store to may i go to the store when you make that jump you lengthen the vowels so i want
you to keep this as a principle in your head it is a fact that when you lengthen the vowels you jump
from reality to potentiality i don’t know why but that’s a phenomenon it’s like saying why is does
the sigma signify the future why is it you’re thinking future when you see that sigma s is
there something in s that makes me think of the future right it’s tough yeah yeah it is if you
have any good analysis of these dead greeks you’d let me know okay because sometimes they elude me
a couple more minutes we’ve got on page 64 again at the bottom the heiress subjunctive
why because that was the present subjunctive that we learned before at the top of the page
present subjunctive this is the heiress subjunctive at the bottom now you’re saying
well why don’t they have an imperfect subjunctive why’d you jump all the all the way to the heiress
you take it off oh sorry somebody my apologies my son’s playing with my microphone
that’s fantastic hey there buddy i’ll try not to say anything bad pete okay here we go look what
we’re doing so when you go to the aorist subjunctive um why are you skipping the imperfect
because you don’t need an imperfect you’re going to lose you’re going to lose your association of
tense and you’re going to be looking at aspect now when you’re talking about tenses you’re going to
be focusing on aspects right just just like the infinitives right so you’re gonna lose some things
in the subjunctive it’s absolutely gorgeous what are those endings look like oh god the aorist o
ace a omen a to o c o c oh they look exactly the same yeah right okay something funny’s going on
uh sigma right yeah they’re doing they’re doing something funny because they’re indicating
some kind of weird world of conditions that we’re switching into right okay same thing
with the optative only the optative doesn’t resort to the long vowel on page 765 the optative uses
the omicron iota diphthong look at the endings oimi ois oi oimen oita oin you can see like in
the first person plural the min is still there right so you can see yeah that’s like a that’s
like a first person plural ending in the present like indicative that works man right you can see
the te in the second person pro so you have the same endings yeah but what what you’re doing is
you’re you’re tuning the vowels so i need you to recognize that when you switch moods these
are moods indicative subjunctive optative when you switch moods you do it through vowels you
do it through the vowels okay just keep that in mind just keep that does that say
Does that say, does that say paideioimen, paideioimen?
Yes, paideioimen, and the accent is on the upsilon, so paideioimen, paideioimen, nice.
Paideioimen, okay.
Oi, they heard the oi and they thought, oh, I may, might, could or should do this, right?
It’s like their brains swish into a different.
Now, we have the present optative on page 65 and on page 66.
Voila.
It’s what you’d expect.
We have the aorist optative because we’re talking.
Oh, you’re frozen.
No.
Endings.
Instead of ice, we have aos.
Aos.
And instead of I, we have aia.
And people ask me, which is.
We lost you for like 20, like 20, 30 seconds.
We lost you.
oh did you oh poop yeah just at the beginning of aorist okay sorry so the aorist optative
the aorist optative what i want you to notice is that the oi from the oimi turns into an i
you you gain an alpha you turn things into an alpha you still have the yoda sitting there
so you still got an optative but now you’ve you’ve put the alpha with it so i me ice i
And you’ll notice the second and third people, persons, that they have alternative forms,
eos and ea, eos and ea.
Look at, yeah, eos and ea.
Look at the plurals, imon, ita, ion, with an alternative in the third person plural,
aeon.
Aeon.
Aeon, right?
Okay.
What’s happening in those alternatives?
They’re retaining the iota, right?
they still have the iota but they’re changing their vowel from an alpha to an epsilon yeah
so it’s just again a little bit of tuning on the valve will change the direction the entire
direction you go this is telling you i am no longer a concrete indicative verb i’m this
freaking abstracted optative i’m a wishing case oh if only i ate my spaghetti right instead of
saying i ate my spaghetti if only i would eat my spaghetti right somehow you’re you’re kicking into
this wishing mood right oh god and the question is are you gonna do that in the present or are
are you going to do that in the heiress when you do that in the present oh my god keep yourself
knowing that you can be doing this thing habitually but when you’re doing it in the
heiress you’ve got to have that just finishing it’s got to be a done deal my brother you’re
not going to do this you’re not going to make a deal to keep giving these handouts to people
right here here’s one and tomorrow you get a handout again no you’re going to do it once
god damn it right do you see what their mind is what the mind that’s using greek is concerned
about is this something you do habitually right is this something you do habitually or just once
oh god it becomes crazy man it gets but it’s gorgeous and it’s it’s easy to understand
if you recognize moods work in sequence and for our last thing today before we go
Look at page 67. I just want to read to you. This is under sequence of moods. As seen in section 18.3, doesn’t matter, the tenses of the indicative are divided into two categories, primary and secondary. The primary tenses are those which refer to present and future time.
the present future and perfect right and they say also the future perfect but we don’t have
a future perfect in this book so don’t even think about that the present future and perfect those
three are primary tenses the secondary tenses are those which refer to past time right which are
imperfect aorist and pluperfect all of those refer to a past time right unlike those three futures
which were i mean those three presents which refer to a present or a future the future by
the way is the thing that is never happening oh god is that how they write it’s the always
about to be they said the always about to be which means it never is a reality and that’s why they
do some things with a future tense that are more better off with moods that are subjunctive or
optative, but they throw in the future. Why? Because there’s this kind of kinship between
potentiality and the future, right? Because the future doesn’t exist. It doesn’t happen. How can
it be indicative, dog? Right? Oh, God. It’s amazing the way that they’re thinking. Now,
the secondary tenses, those are the imperfect, aorist, and pluperfect. Now, listen to the logic
here just for a minute. The sequence of moods means that in complex sentences, certain kinds
of dependent clauses will have a verb in either the subjunctive or the optative mood, depending
on whether the main verb of the sentence is either a primary or a secondary tense of the indicative.
Oh, God. If you understand that completely, something’s wrong. Something’s wrong. You can’t.
right now you can’t that’s all it is um what are they what are they doing they’re trying to set you
up to use a subjunctive or an optative that’s all they’re doing they’re trying to set you up to use
it and they’re telling you you’re gonna have a main verb in the indicative that’s going to set up
the use of a subjunctive or an optative, okay? And the tense of that main verb will dictate
whether you use a subjunctive or an optative, okay? So I kick the ball now in order to win
the game. The Greek mind says that’s a present tense with your main verb, so you have to use
a subjunctive in your secondary you have to use a subjunctive and you’re subordinate okay
in your subordinate clause i kick the ball that’s your main clause i kick the ball what’s your
subordinate clause in order to win the game right in order to win the game i kick the ball so because
i kick is present you’re going to use a subjunctive in that subordinate clause
if that kick becomes something in the past yesterday i kicked the ball you’re going to
change your subordinate to an optative i kicked the ball yesterday in order that i might win the
game right right isn’t that weird so um i just want you to say that again between the subjunctive
and the optative like yes i can say that and show it to you when your main verb is in a primary
tense present perfect future when your main verb is in a primary tense the verb that follows will
be subjunctive. When your main verb is a secondary tense, imperfect, aorist, blue perfect, your
subordinate, your verb that’s coming up, that’s following it, will have to be in the optative.
Will have to be in the optative. So that’s a general rule. Now watch it actually working
on page, and I know we’re going over, but we’ll, don’t worry, we’ll still get good break.
look at page 68 because purpose clauses are the first thing they teach you look at those actually
let’s look at these when we come back from break we’ll do purpose clauses and that’s all we got to
do for the chapter um and then i want to i want to hit you with some drilling and i want to give
you some actual greek to look at i promised you some mind-blowing stuff so i gotta bring it cool
so take let’s take our 10 minutes now um uh i’ll be back at uh around 8 30 i’ll be back in 30
minutes what i what i need you to do is one more time vocabulary test okay okay vocabulary test
over unit three okay as a matter of fact i’ll i would also like to do perfects blue perfects
if we can okay just perfects and blue perfects know those endings just the ending and i’ll come
back to quiz this okay all right beautiful job beautiful job keep it up all right fantastic
perfect time for me to jump in in a discussion of what is men and women where is madalena
she said she needs 10 more minutes uh she said she needs 10 more minutes
10 more minutes she said four minutes ago five minutes okay okay sorry continue your conversation
my wife fantastic bam there he is no god who said it oh look at page 67 please please look at page
67 at the bottom that last paragraph explains everything but more succinctly both the present
subjunctive and the aorist subjunctive are governed by the primary tenses of the indicative
as in the infinitive tense in the subjunctive indicates aspect not time and that’s where it
tends to throw people because they want to put it well it’s a different tense it’s in the present
tense why can’t it have a time but it doesn’t it only has an aspect the present subjunctive shows
progressive, repeated aspect. The air subjunctive shows simple. So your action in the potential can
either be simple or it can be something ongoing. Excellent. Excellent. Okay. Here’s what I want to
do. Your vocabulary quiz. So go to that page. Now go to page 71. Madalena, everybody else is doing
it with her as subject to her authority go fuck yourselves look it up people people you know i’m
kidding you um you can put your right hand over the right side of the page okay and go along with
us and take the exam with us and see how you do do you understand and see if you can keep up
especially the exercise we’re going to do some exercises see if you can keep up with the exercises
look at the verb at the bottom of the page madelena please fullato tell me what it means
fullato um fullato um it means guard good how about powwow above that the verb powwow
um um oh give me a second powell um uh right now pause try to think of pause so to stop right
to stop something right stop yourself right you can stop or you can make something else stop
off out no no i want another verb through oh above that please through oh what’s the sacrifice
nice good and above that the verb is grapho uh to write or draw excellent excellent excellent
what is an ophthalmos as an eye good good and the preposition perry just give me one meaning of perry
um from um no or around that’s around yeah good good and um when you say you can also say about
or concerning um you know when you write a book you write your your book about something perry
something so you’ll see this entire you’ll see this yeah yeah exactly perimeter you know the
all the english derivations because i’m glad that you’re using us and what is um
near the top uh excellent horse excellent you’ve got it excellent you know you’ve got it memorized
your excellence your audite is functional mixed up with uh make stop ah it’s page 61 please i want
you to oh sorry i shouldn’t have said that to you what i should have said was give me the endings in
the perfect please perfect indicative endings um a is a i’m an ate a c or a scene good good
Good. A-A-S-E.
A-A-S-E.
Oh, okay.
Good. Give me the pluperfect endings.
That one is A-A-S-E-E-M-N-E-T-E-S-S-O-N.
S-S-O-N. Good.
The present subjunctive.
Just the endings on the present subjunctive, beginning with O.
Oh, I didn’t memorize that one.
okay well read them now go to page 64 and read them now okay oh there you go
good and your heiress subjunctive endings are going to be the same
right so okay fine right o-a-s-a-o-m-a-n-a-t-o-c beautiful your optatives go to page 65
I like these oi me ois oi oi men oi say that a couple of times
OI me ois oi oi men oi te oian
How about your heiress on the next page I mean ice I
I’m in I day I am
there
Ian a OS I
am
okay on the other side on the other side on the third plurals you got a on right and again people
ask me what’s more common and i tell them i tell them uh i believe the alphas but i i don’t know
i’ve never like kept track so um fantastic fantastic okay go to the exercises and now
whoops before we do we have to do our purpose clauses on page 68 yes and i want you just to
jump down and look at the example they give under number one i know you’ve read this but at the so
at the bottom of the page look this is a laid out purpose clause look at it sitting there right
right? Pemperman. We send. We send. What do we send? Bora. We send gifts. Then we get henna,
hos, and hopos, which each of those words will introduce a purpose clause. So we send gifts
in order that, that’s how you can translate the henna, hos, or hopos, in order that lueta.
now look at lueta what is that help me identify that does that look like look at that ada it
looks long there doesn’t it yeah remember those long vowels that we were just going over those
are subjunctives right people love those subjunctives so we have a subjunctive there
isn’t that glorious is that a present subjunctive or an heiress um that is uh
that that’s a present isn’t it wait good very good and what’s giving it away is the stem right
take off the stem it’s just loo right if you were an heiress it would have to be loose
one thing i want to point out too is it’s a subjunctive we do not have any sort of
augments okay no augments here we’re not going to do that notice that’s not why because the
time has dropped and all we’re talking about is aspect anyway we send gifts in order that
you may release tus adelphus the brothers in order that you may let go the brothers okay
okay so we have a present subjunctive notice that it says in order that you and then in print
and i forget what they call those little bobs may be releasing or may release that is because it is
a present subjunctive right it’s not an heiress if it were an heiress it would not be may be
releasing that has the continuous idea an unending idea you’re in the middle of doing it and that’s
only from the present that you’re going to get that no 69 at the top we lost you for like two
we lost you for like 15 20 seconds you lost me for okay thank you page 69 look at look at number
two at the top this is the next example of our purpose clause pimple men again we are sending
dora gifts in a household post in order that luceta now this time the only thing that’s changed
is now we have an heiress an heiress subjunctive luceta look at that in order that you may release
the brothers notice that it’s not in order that you may be releasing the brothers but it’s a
one-time shot a one-time shot we did it so that you may do something else not we did it so that
every time that we run into you you’re going to be doing this thing right that makes sense
making it a single shot good good good good good good good and okay look at number three then and
what changes in number three it’s about halfway down the page on 69 a pimpleman dora look what
they did they changed it what happened there what’s the difference between pimpleman and a
pimpleman um the it’s uh um is it imperfect yes it’s an imperfect so so now instead of a present
implement we are sending now we have an imperfect we were sending so now we have a secondary tense
we have a verb that is in secondary tense it’s an imperfect so we’re now going to expect an optative
instead of a subjunctive is that what we get at pimpleman dora hannah
there it is there’s our optative the present yeah so it translates as we were sending gifts
in order that you might release the brothers so when we’re translating subjunctives in greek we
want to translate them into the english may when we’re translating these optatives we want to
translate them as might okay might we’re indicating a past time right we were doing this yesterday
in order that we might do something when we’re talking about subjunctives we’re talking about
present present times and futures yeah which doesn’t really exist okay right
number four is the last that because luoyta there is what that’s a present optative in number four
we get the aorist optative just so you can see again the difference we were sending gifts in
order that you might release the brothers not that you might be releasing but that you might
release, right? That’s the difference between the aorist and the present. Oh, God, do I have to
memorize all of that? They give us one more on page five. I mean, on page 70, they give us a
fifth example, right? So, ton homeron eiste nason epimpsomen. Epimpsomen, look at that. Oh, God,
isn’t that a nice one? What is that? Tell me, help me identify that verb, epimpsomen.
oh it’s um um aorist right good um uh indicative sorry and what first what person and number first
second third singular plural um it’s uh first first plural good does everybody see to all of
the voices in your head see how you were picking it up right right it takes a lot people to get
there you gotta be able to we we send yeah yeah she’s the mate good she’s amazing amazing it’s the
the fact that you’re picking this up so quickly madalena is fantastic keep it up um it really is
so um what did we send we sent don homero and we sent homer ace ten nason to the island and then
we get our henna and it’s negativized right yeah may henna may henna may or host may or hopeless
may in order that something is going to be not here in order that something not happen
in order that he might not educate so they’re they’re just giving you the example of the how
to negativize that purpose. Okay, here’s what I want to do. I want you to turn quickly before your
brain burns out completely. I want to run a couple of tracks. Now that you’ve got everything from
unit three, go to page 75. And I want you just to read to me number one. And then I want you to
translate it slowly, telling me how you’re translating. Now when you translate it, I want
you to go to the verb first i want you to go to the verb first and i want you to work through it
this way you may have two verbs if you’ve got a purpose clause you’re gonna have two verbs okay
so okay so we got to say and pauso scene no these are exercises page 75 exercises page 70
numero uno okay oh demos so i’m i’m looking for the verb first right and then it’s i’m sorry i’m
sorry i’m sorry i want you to read it i want you to read it first i can hear you and then go ahead
and translate at your pleasure. Okay. Excellent. Excellent. I want you to do the fourth word in
is tais. Tais, please. Oh, yeah. Excellent. Excellent. Beautifully said. Now, go ahead,
take your time maybe just talk through how you’re translating for me go ahead okay um
so it’s uh it’s present right with me is it present to say um but it’s got the the the sigma
so it’s um so glad it’s future um good uh good singular third person so it would be good um
yeah okay so they sacrifice he hear it he he she or it third person singular
future oh yeah i always that always gets me she or it will sacrifice okay will sacrifice
good who’s the he she or it is there something in the subject somewhere is there a subject
floating around um the god is that the ois state of case the ois okay yeah no good it’s got to be
no no good yeah it’s gotta be so uh people um good how demos you got it okay so jamos
just translate that yeah the people um will sacrifice good um okay um i don’t know where
to go now just no it’s okay it’s okay i’m supposed to be helping you with strategies to translate
when you see a prepositional phrase um just translate that by itself in tice
oh it’s roads it’s roads sorry oh yeah okay in the roads yes or on in or on the roads
on the roads so the people will sacrifice on the roads um then you have a dative and how do we
translate that dative it’s two four or with try all three so uh so it’d be two four uh so to the
gods good it’s the or is it for the road no to the god no the remember the road the road is being
governed by the preposition in okay in so you’re just gonna translate that however for the gods
okay i like two i like two better yeah so the people will sacrifice on the roads to the gods
and why do they do this henna how so in order that um the the polemon which is uh
um i don’t remember that one either right now oh thank polemics thanks polemics does anybody in the
does anybody in your voices from your head do you have a can you tell us what polomon means
like war you guys oh come on you spoiled somebody’s opportunity meddling oh sorry sorry
like your i just remember christianity yeah yeah yeah i remember because uh cruz explained it to
me yesterday and said that and i was like yeah that makes sense and then they escaped me again
okay um so yeah yeah pauso sin what is pauso sin is it does it look like a subjunctive or does it
look like an opposite stop the war there you go you jumped ahead of me you jumped ahead of me in
order that they may stop the war in order that they may stop the war it’s a subjunctive so we’re
going to translate may instead of my instead of my okay right and if you’ll notice it’s got to be a
subjunctive because the main verb, thuse, is a primary tense. It’s a present, future, or perfect.
It’s a future. So it’s a primary tense, and all of those primary tenses have to have a subjunctive
with them. They prefer a subjunctive. Good. Fantastic. Oh my God. Now look at number two,
and what we’re going to do with number two is look you notice a lot of the same words
by the way you’re reading greek right um keep going look at number two we start with our purpose
clause hoss in order yeah yeah host on polomon pow oh sin okay in order that they may miss
yeah may stop good the war the people the war um the people do what people
so that that would be um uh look madelaine so you’d never forget this one again
If you and I could Thuwe together, we would be sitting here with something burning the air full of this wonderful cannabis smoke that we could sit here and just talk and exhale and inhale.
That’s what Thuwe is.
It is that inhalation, exhalation of the sacrifice.
Hello, Snaku.
What’s he doing?
Here, let me see him.
okay so in order that they may stop the war yeah the people sacrifice
the way it’s the people sacrifice tice that always yeah okay cool and it’s present right
yes to the gods and it’s present so it’s a primary and that’s why our purpose clause has a subjunctive
okay yeah right now watch what they’re gonna do they’re gonna try to invert us let’s go to number
four okay angelus yeah you read it you read it you’re here to read not me go okay
good fantastic take your time now look at it structure wise try to figure out like does
that have multiple verbs you know what is it is one of them in the subjunctive or optative take
your time and just kind of talk to us talk us through your translation process okay so
is my one verb and luai lu lu cyan is the other one oh hang on a second go to four i want you to
number four i want you to number four oh yeah my bad sorry go to number four okay
so i just have to figure out um what it is and it’s um it would be imperfect indicative active
so it’d be past right good okay so the messengers had sent or messengers sent sent sent sent or were
sending either one of those or were sending okay messengers it’s you’re saying the messengers though
you’re making them the subject okay oh yeah you’re right what kind of person a number is that at
pimpon is it first person it’s either first person singular i or it’s third person plural they
it’s they right and you can do either one because it doesn’t say anywhere else in that sentence
how many that is so pick your pick your choice it’s either i sent was sending or they sent
we’re saying how do they sent um okay they sent they sent what angelus yeah um messengers good
which is in the accusative case right angelus it’s accusative case good they sent messengers
good where’d they send him perry tane nason nice prepositional phrase nason is island
good what is perry again around there you go around okay around the island okay good
yep i sent those messengers around the island why hopos which is just in order yep and oh yeah
in order not okay so then the verb um is okay it’s well it’s optative right yes good it’s
optative good present optative very good yeah and and is it is it second person then good it’s
second person plural right oita good yeah and um that one means to to um to sacrifice right yeah
or to destroy try destroy oh destroy okay yeah to destroy the erin um i can’t remember that okay
last time yesterday peace peace peace peace be with you so that you do not want peace of course
you want peace right is that irene is peace so that next time you come across an old woman whose
name is irene slap her in the face really hard say peace be with you too okay okay
okay don’t do that don’t do that battle and i’m kidding right okay so then it would be so is it
may or might then right it’s an optative so try might might okay that’s what i was looking for
so they sent those messengers around the island in order that you might not destroy the peace
gorgeous okay let’s do look at number five that’s a little tiny one let’s do that one okay
good
okay yeah yeah um so what do you think what do you think structurally before you jump in there
what do you think what just stand back and look at the forest what do you think are the i mean how
many verbs you got here first of all two two that first one is with henna so you know that’s your
you know purpose clause right there and it’s got the omega so you know that’s a subjunctive
right your main verb what is your main verb pep pump fussing what the hell is that can you help
me identify that that’s uh it’s funding um uh but it’s is it like aorist uh no it’s got the
on it so it’d be um voices yeah it would be that it was isn’t the air aorist octave right
so might send no it’s your main verb it’s your main verb and it’s gonna be an indicative
so it’s what verb ask yourself this question is you’re like is you’re like stalling ask yourself
like when i mean stalling i mean like your engine is cutting out because that happens
your engine is cutting out and you’re starting to spin your wheels you know what i mean
look at pep pomfussing and just ask yourself what the hell is the first principal part of this verb
what is this verb from um that is why i think wait oh it’s uh that’s why they gave you this
oh it’s uh it’s perfect indicative so it’d be third um third plural good it’s perfect from
from what verb though if i’m gonna look this thing up what am i gonna find it under
because i’m not going to find it in the pep isn’t it no it’s isn’t it pimpe like pimpo very good
very good okay you got it that’s all i was looking for so when you’re confused now look you’re faster
than normal so um you went ahead and figured out it was perfect right you know faster but
if you’re confused and spinning your wheels the first question you ask yourself is what the hell
is its first principle part right and then you think oh pimpo pimso epimsa pepom fa and you’re
like oh wait a minute pepomfa look that’s almost all there and then you remember your perfect
endings right so you did that quicker but for the rest of the voices right we need to realize
that’s what we’re doing we’re analyzing the verb figuring out so it’s third person plural
you said right and it’s a perfect so it’s for the verb to send how would you translate a perfect
third person plural for sending they have sent good they have sent what dora uh yes yes good
a gift yeah well it’s plural it’s plural is it okay yeah it is because it’s neutered
dora yeah right yeah and the plural is dora good okay yeah right we sorry they have sent yeah yes
good in order what in order what in order uh oh omen is um is uh an order that they may uh and
it’s but it’s is it it’s first person we in order that first so we so in order that we may uh we
we might sacrifice in order that we may sacrifice homer no this is luo and i told you it means
destroy yeah right but it also means
means yeah their idea is to release look you’re so you’re so fast i can’t teach you sorry yes
fantastic in order that we may release homer right right they have sent gifts in order that we
now the other thing to point out here is that lucellman is an aorist subjunctive because it’s
got the loose it’s got that signal error it’s passed so yeah no which you translated it fine
no no stop don’t second guess yourself you translated it properly no you did in order that
we may release but what i’m pointing out to you is that it is an heiress so this is a releasing
for once and all it’s like they’re holding homer in prison and they sent these gifts in order
that we may let him go once nice once right it’s not like he shows up like once a week and you know
and then we let him go every monday or something so you gotta realize the greek is telling you that
and and that doesn’t come through in the english translation yeah yeah so yeah love it now look at
how you’re doing right that was four lines four lines of greek and you translated that greek how
does that feel feels crazy it’s so hard isn’t it okay that’s the perfect time for me to say
now it’s time to test you right um no next uh next session what i’m gonna do is i’m gonna make
you do some laps now, but, and I want to show, I want to show you some fun Greek and I want to do
a passage, but next time we meet, I’m going to take you through the exam, but here’s what we’re
going to do. We’re going to start. And for the first half hour, we’ll just be reading review
sentences. And I’ll be asking you, what is this? Is it a subjunctive? Is it, is this a, that’s all
we’ll just be doing review and then right away we’re just going to open up to the exam and you’re
going to take the exam and sit there with i’m going to talk you through it right without helping you
and you’re going to be able to then measure exactly how much of these three units you
retained okay that’s what i’m going to do i’m going to take you through that wonderful you can
see the review starts on page after it’s after the exercises if you just flip one page to 77
you can see here’s the review for those units so you and i are going to go through these sentences
together oh no he froze but the translation on page 79 try not to look at it beforehand right
you’re trying to get it right so um okay that’ll be next time so how do you we missed we missed
what you were saying like for like 10-15 seconds oh you said i you meant you said that um to not
look at the answer key yes that’s all just don’t look at the answer stuff okay all right for for
the review that’ll be on page 77 that you see up here i don’t know if people can see that screen
can you see that madeline on the screen that chewie has up uh no but i have the book oh i
can’t believe that i’m sorry i thought you could see it the whole time she can’t see it could you
have to share it or something no we can i mean if you zoom in yeah oh there we go okay fine fine
fantastic okay here we go here we go so what what do we need to do now to finish up before you
totally tired out i need to really push you and shoot i want you just to focus on me away from
the book away from the book madeline just blow me up to it oh she’s not here go back to the
you got you got kicked out i think we lost madalena yeah i think we lost bum bum bum
let’s see besides that everything’s going great right she’s doing very well she’s doing very well
if you can keep up with her as she’s translating you’re doing well right so and what i want people
to do is to gauge when they when i see her to go through the exam i want them to gauge how much
they were able to translate
versus her and how much
you know where do you stand
with respect to the whole three
units you know it’s a self
diagnostic but I can
make it so that she is not
self diagnostic she’s actually
being tested
there’s no
if she’s saying anything in the discord
is she saying anything
I think her phone died
so she’ll be
back she’ll be back i’m here
you’re right whoever guessed that you were right okay
um let’s uh what do i want you to do to prep for tomorrow
i want you to go over all of the forms that you need to know and i’m
about to give you them all okay that you need to know for the
exam and i just want between today and tomorrow madalena i want you to be
committing these forms to memory are you ready we’re going to start with verbs all we got is
verbs and nouns right now oh i’ve i forgot to say um vocabulary you have to know all the vocabulary
right just from the three chapters just from what’s on the vocab list so the first thing you
always do getting ready for a greek exam is to study the vocabulary that’s number one number two
your morphology and what do i mean i’m going to tell you right now the forms that you need to know
and we’ll go through them we’ll dance through them we’ll start with verbs verbs in the present
indicative present indicative what are those endings oh uh uh a a a a wait no that’s up
fight from now i’m sorry my bad i’m sorry i’m sorry that’s okay it’s the it’s getting to the
end of the workout so you’re tired oh it’s a omen it would be my bed there you go oh a a omen
good how about the imperfect what do those look like
perfect first stop there perfect that’s great
what about the let’s say future what do they look like the future in
they look just like the present they look yeah just like the present right
oh oh is a omen but there you go doesn’t have the sigma as well yeah i i think we’re just getting
into the brain reprogramming zone she look everybody she’s tired enough she’s tired enough
that right now you can give her a puff of scopolamine and totally restructure her brain
okay i’m just kidding don’t do that what is the heiress what are the heiress endings um
beautiful what are the perfect endings um
right good good and by the way behind that aussie what can you put
it and you can put a new movable call it the new movable perfect what about your
pluperfect endings do you remember those you don’t say them as much a a a M and a
T is on perfect perfect absolutely perfect okay those endings you gotta
to know you got to know those endings okay okay that is all your tenses what else from verbs do
you need to know we got to switch from the indicative to some subjunctives and some
optatives what are your subjunctive endings in both present and aorist remember it’s just one
set because they’re the same do you remember what that looks like your present subjunctive what’s
that look like? Good, with those long vowels, right? How about the present
optative? The present optative. Oy, that’s a good one. Beautiful. And then the aorist,
let me just hear, I don’t care, I don’t care about the alternatives. I just want to hear the
the main ones with the alphas go ahead amy ace a amen a t uh uh a a n i and good good
i i i that always gets me no that’s okay i so alpha e o to i i i may be right or maybe something
Fantastic. So look, that’s everything about the verbs that you need to know. Okay. You need to
know how to do a purpose clause, right? You need to know how to translate a verb. I have done
something or I will do something, right? Just with the vocabulary that you have. The other obstacle
that you’ve had are the nouns the nouns you must know those endings a a a an i on ice us
you’ve got to know that feminine first declension ending there the second declension you’ve got to
know logos logos logoy logon right logoy logon logos logos you gotta know those masculine and
neuter endings yeah right because you’re gonna have to you’re gonna have to tell yourself what
case is this thing in is it a nominative genitive dative or accusative you’re gonna have to do that
to be able to translate. Okay. That is all you need to know. I know it’s a lot, but when everything
is boiled down, that’s all you need to know. So how do you study for this test? You go and you
read the vocabulary list, three of them. You just read through them, read through them until it
starts to stick until it starts to stick. Right. For me, for some students, that’s only once or
twice and you hate those students right because i was sitting there seven eight times and i can’t
tell you how many times i’ve punched myself in the groin because i’ve seen a word 15 times i know
what this word means and for some reason i blanked it right so don’t don’t worry because you’re not
using the greek in everyday speech your vocabulary is going to be hard to imprint but i need you to
i need you to work toward imprinting it right fantastic fantastic yes and we had a where was
i gonna give you the oh god did i not bring it oh god i got so swept up i didn’t bring it son of a
no no we’ll just have to do extra reading next time oh my god i can’t believe i did that
no no i’m not just going to use it i wanted to bring the heraclitus
yeah no that’s okay um one of the things that i want you to be thinking about we’re going to
finish up here shortly but one of the things i want you to be thinking about are the sources you
you we talked to all the other voices in your head and the things that they’re interested in
and you focused on the Bible. You particularly honed in on the Bible. And I want you to know
that the easiest place to begin to understand the Bible is the pre-Socratic philosophers.
And you’re going to say, oh, well, pre-Socratic philosophers, what the hell did those guys
have to do with the formation of the Bible. The physics that you see generated by the
pre-Socratic philosophers is exactly the physics of the Septuagint, and those physics are going
to be what influences Jesus, so that when he says something that seems to be a quote
from the Greek Bible. You understand what that means because you have already exposed yourself
to the physics. So in order to understand Jesus, I need to expose you to the basic
elemental understanding of the world. It comes down to something very, very simple.
what are the components of existence what do we have to have in order to exist believe it or not
jesus is everything he says from the septuagint is based on those physics so what i wanted to do
today was to bring you start bringing you a couple of philosophers pre-socratic philosophers but of
course i i got busy with lady babylon and forgot um and didn’t bring so what i’m going to do is
next time i’m going to give you a double portion but this is a kind of a trick i have to inoculate
you by the way do you have the kirk and raven does your site have the kirk and raven pre-socratic
philosophers i don’t know i’ll have to ask subatomic would know subatomic would know that i
i don’t know that i haven’t heard that before okay here’s what we need to do i need to get you a copy
of kirk and raven’s pre-socratic philosophers i know gandhi i think gandhi has a the site where
you can just pull it offline pull it off the internet i’m gonna have chewy bring it up here
so you can see it there it is gandhi’s in our server also fantastic it’s yeah no i knew i don’t
know if he’s here tonight but here put this make this big for him um do you see this madalena
yes the pre-socratic philosophers says it’s a critical history with selection of texts by kirk
and raven these two knuckleheads did such a fantastic bang-up job of assembling all of the
pre-socratic philosophers um which are all fragments right we’re not talking about books
that survive we’re talking about other people quoting them mostly right but the good thing is
as he tells you in the intro the good thing is is he includes both the greek texts as you can see
here xenophonies fragment here you can see gives the fragment and we’re going to get a translation
let’s see how does this work this is number three i think there it is see at the bottom they’ll put
of earth rise this is that oh god gaia we love you baby right what do they talk what are they
talking about here right in the beginning with these fragments they’re talking about gaia and
and you say wait a minute this is right out of genesis well this is the physics
that jesus himself is quoting and talking about so if you don’t know it from these philosophers
how can you possibly know it when jesus starts spouting it you know and so what i want you to do
is kind of the main the the main thrust of the pre-socratic philosopher is the mystery yeah
okay so you can see here the he talks about the or they talk about the orphic cosmogonies
why is that so important because this is the stuff that is influencing the creation
of the physics behind the bible right look what he says here several variations in cosmogony were
ascribed to orficoi right to the orphics these might be described as people who uniting elements
from the cult of apollo on the one hand as catharsios as purification right and from
thracian reincarnation stuff talking about the soul and dionysus right look his sexual purity
his musical powers powers of prophecy oh god right you think this this is not the bible but it is
groundwork for it so what i want you to do is i want you to get access to this chewie can you
just post that post that link because it’s not a sample right we don’t have a certain number of
pages no that’s the whole thing there and we don’t have to pay anything fantastic this is the best
kind of and what i want you to do then is i want you just on the side i know this is a lot
but if you get drowned in the in the grammar um you’re gonna lose sight you’re gonna lose your
your interest to be quite honest so here’s what i want you to do i want you to use the muse and to
have her guide you to the kirk and raven that’ll best explain what you want to find in the new
testament okay i want you to just start perusing my recommendation is for you to visit heraclitus
and just just peruse a page or two or whatever you want to of the philosopher fantastic
pythagoreans can be there they can do what they want okay i’m gonna let you go a little bit early
i think we’re um to the point that i can say hey um your test is coming up we’ll do some review
and i think you can pass it if you know the vocab and you know those endings you recognize what
those endings are you’re going to be in good shape okay all right thank you how do you how do you
feel please talk to me now and tell me how you feel i’m excited i feel good about it i i’ll
study a lot so i remember i feel like the the all the noun endings just escaped out of my ears but
yeah uh i i think i can do it and i’m excited to read that okay okay and don’t think that that’s
not normal right you’re going to be packing a lot of information and you’re going to lose a lot of
information that you got to reinforce so don’t think that’s not that’s not totally normal right
fantastic i think you’re doing remarkably i hope that you find inspiration in kirk and raven
i’ll bring back some heraclitus myself next time i’m so sorry um and on the nights that i have lady
babylon um we’ll start give me an extra 15 minutes so say 15 after and we’ll start then
and that’ll work better um because i need to take a break and all that kind of stuff hey um do you
mind if i use you as an example on lady babylon if i tell people what you’re doing and say you
know screw you she she can feed a baby and take creek at the same time okay fantastic fantastic
so and that’ll give you that’ll give you a little prod to keep up the good work because then
everybody knows that you’re joan of arc you know that you have to come through right yeah yeah
no pressure oh thanks i can do it all right and thank you for coming and being a part of
this i really appreciate it and um yeah i appreciate it thank you thank you thank you
thank you we’ll see everyone keep up the good work hell satan
keep studying keep studying i know you guys are studying along with her so keep studying
all right all right thank you and i want to ask you for those of you who are gonna
for those of you who are gonna be here for the exam i’m gonna ask you what your percentages were
i want to know like for the person who’s watching it happen i want to know can you keep up so that’s
what i’m gonna do okay thanks i’ll see you guys all right man thank you
Source: Lady Babylon